Analysis of star and Dyer theory - Miss Miller

Celebrities seem to reinvent themselves in the eyes of the media when they're in the music industry, there could be many reasons for the sudden and diverse changes of themselves. One reason an artist may want to change how they look to the world is that they want to appeal to a different target audience, they may realise that they're so popular to an audience but would also want to become popular to another set of fans and maybe increase their target audience. Artists may also just want to do it for all the media and the attention they get and use it to promote themselves further as well as an album they may be soon to release. A perfect example of this change in an artist is Miley Cyrus, She first started out as Hannah Montana with light hearted songs like "best of both worlds" where she had just become famous, she was seen as an innocent girl when she had her show on Disney, she then progressed to an older stage with the song "party in the USA" talking about how she becomes more of a party animal, she talks about how she was nervous but loves the party lifestyle and atmosphere and then her next stage is her current stage with songs like "we can't stop" and "wrecking ball" where she wants to be overtly sexual. This is how Miley cyrus has become so popular in the eyes of the media because she has had so many drastic changes to her image, many like it and many dislike it but it all created a lot of controversy which created hype and buzz around the subject of Cyrus and her changes but it's made her undeniably famous everywhere. For my discussion i'll be looking at an artist that has also changed three times throughout their career much like how Cyrus has changed and this person is Justin Bieber, the songs i'll be referring to as the different time periods are Baby, Boyfriend and Where are U now.

Baby is a video about a boy who falls for a girl and really wants her but she doesn't seem to like him until the very end when they pear off with each other. The artist, Justin Bieber, is in love with this girl as the lyrics suggest as well but he doesn't seem to get her right away, she seems to friendzone him first, seeing him as a friend rather than a boyfriend, and trying to brush him off. The audience see exactly this in the video, he tries to pull her and get closer to her but she either pushes him away or walks off, this falls into Goodwin's theory as there is a relationship between the lyrics and visuals, however the song's lyrics and visuals at the end are completely different, but the relationships are present for example at the very beginning of the video Justin Bieber sees this girl and is immediately head over heels for her and gets his friends to help get her by following her up and escalator, the very first lyrics of the first verse explain this "You know you love me, I know you care, just shout whenever and i'll be there, you are my love, you are my heart". Clearly he would go anywhere for this girl as we've seen him try and follow her with his friends to help him get her and he clearly does show that this girl means a lot to him, this is trying to evoke that Justin Bieber really does care about this girl and wants her more than anything bu he doesn't really know girl, many boys at around his age feel this way about girls so they relate to him on that aspect but it's also used for girls to sympathize with him as they feel bad about how he's been treated by another girl. Bieber is going for the pop genre for this video as he follows all the different conventions of the pop genre, firstly there is one quick shot in the video where the audience can see drake and lil twist as well as other famous people that have a main feature like ludacris who has his own verse that's related to the song, this is a convention in pop songs because the artist is trying to show off their life, he knows these really famous people and wants the audience to know it and be jealous of him, therefore he comes across as cool in the video. Another convention of the pop genre that is followed in the video is that Justin Bieber seems really down to earth and he does quite ordinary things like going bowling, going out with his friends and playing pool, but he also does things that are quite out there like having a dance off with his and the girl's friends, this implies that Bieber wants to live happily and show the he is a fun person to be around which is a convention of the pop genre as artists want to come across as likable people towards audiences. The video represents the artist in a way that shows he is like most other kids of his age, a lot of kids growing up fall for someone and sometimes it just doesn't work out at all, Justin Bieber is a representation of these kids but showing them get the girl instead, in the video he gets the girl, because he persisted, therefore it inspires a lot of young kids to just not give up and try and try if they really want something. The artist isn't a product as such because in the video for baby, he seems more down to earth, he has a bunch of friends that he goes out with and struggles to get girls like certain audiences he is targeting towards, however he does seem to have some features that could consider him a product instead, his hair for example was trending back then so it's almost done on purpose but this is just one point and the song is meant to be relatable for audiences. Bieber is singing about and trying to achieve the girl that he loves so much, that part is ordinary, the lengths he is willing to go just to get the girl in this video is extraordinary including dancing, pulling her closer, always following her and even the singing sometimes makes him sound more desperate than enchanting "I'll buy you anything, I'll buy you any ring" this shows that Bieber is willing to go to some extreme lengths for this girl who may or may not actually like him, this is relatable to the audience to some extent, they understand his need to keep trying but never really consider following these crushes they have to try and impress them. The video places fans for hegemony as Bieber is known as a dominant figure in the music industry, the video shows that if you follow what he does and look the way he does then you could get all the girls you want, this therefore makes fans want to start looking up to Bieber and become as cool as him. Biebers target audience are supposed to be young people of both genders that are aged 12-16 as these are the kind of problems they face at about this age and are able to relate to the songs messages a lot more easier, the reason why girls would like it is because they would find him attractive and feel sorry for him that someone turned him down (lyrics more than the video), either genders would be jealous as the two in the video are supposed to be attractive for those ages. The message the Bieber is trying to get across in the video is that everyone does fall in love and everyone gets their heart broken, it's a natural part of life that you get used to but in the video it shows him getting the girl, in the song he doesn't and Ludacris almost hints that is just what happens in life and you've just got to move on.

The next video i will be looking at to see the difference is Boyfriend, this song came two years after the video of baby was released, this time difference will be key to the changes that the audience can see. Goodwin's theory can be applied from the get go when the audience see Justin Bieber right behind a girl singing to her and how he'll never let her go, he gets closer almost as if he is leaning in for a kiss, this shows voyeuristic treatment of the female body by Justin Bieber himself just showing the audience that he can get anyone he wants as he seems to have got this girl. Bieber is trying to appeal to the conventions of a pop song, one being that the artist idolizes the girl, however now that he's older, his music has got a bit more adult themed as the video at the start focuses more on the girls flesh rather than her, this is typical to the pop genre and shows a voyeuristic attitude towards the female body. Another convention of the pop music video genre is that he is seen driving a very flashy car with all his friends looking as if they're about have a party, this shows that he had a lively lifestyle and is always out doing stuff with his friends which presents him in a very rich and cool way, he even has jewelry that further emphasizes the money and the lifestyle that he has with his friends. Justin Bieber has made some significant changes to himself, one being that he is presented as a sex appeal now, the extreme close up at the beginning with the girl obviously displayed this as it looked almost sensual for both of them, with this change is doesn't make relatable at all for male audiences, because this video is trying to get across that he's aware that he's good looking and attractive towards female audiences. I would make the argument that he is now a sex product so yes, they clearly saw the potential he had if he aimed his songs and videos more towards the female demographic and that they could see all the money that he could make, he has been made so that female audiences would find him attractive so that they can bring in more money than they would've got than before. The artist isn't as ordinary as before, though he has a normal desire which to always be around his girlfriend and would do anything she wanted so long as it pleased her, but he is extraordinary and trying to express this in the video, as said before he has become much more a sex appeal, so rather than trying to get the girl, he just keeps hold of her because he just wants to show that he's protective over her and wants her all to himself. The video places it more towards hegemony, the video is trying to get across again that if you look like Beiber you will get any girl you want, this means that Bieber can't be so far in rebeliance as he wouldn't have anyone for himself, so that's what the video is attempting to get at, the Bieber followed a lot of society's norms like having good hair, nice jewlry, nice cars all the things that people think gets them girls are used by Beiber meaning he is trying to be what his audience wants to see of him. As identified earlier, Bieber has tried targeting himself more towards the female demographic as they thought he was very good looking and loved him and his music, he tried to target himself towards boys as well but all the female attention would have put others off, in straying away from being the boy that every girl wanted and some boys wanted to be, he is now just what every girl wants from him thus why they have made him much more sex appealing towards his audience. Bieber knew what he was attempting as he tried to change himself further from what he used to be by spiking his hair up instead of just brushing it to the side, this shows the Bieber wanted to go in a new direction and wanted to become more attractive for female audiences as well as more masculine for male audiences so that he's more relatable. The messages behind this video are quite simple, if you really love you girlfriend, don't let go of them, be anything they want you to be if you want to make them happy. The messages have changed since the last video but this is because he's grown up which makes him more eligible for adult themes like sex appeal. Justin Bieber made this drastic change because he knew it would make him much more successful and more popular towards the media and would make him even more famous and a much talked about topic in the eyes of the media.

The last change of Justin Bieber I'll be talking about is with his song Where are U now. Goodwin's theory can again be applied to the video, there is a clear relationship between the music and the visuals, for example when the tune of the music is quite slow the audience see a slow zoom in towards Bieber which matches the beat which is just a slow tempo, but as soon as the beat picks up and the tune changes completely, the video also changes to show thousands and thousands of animated frames for the video, it matched the beat perfectly. The purpose of the relationship between the beat and the visuals is because it makes the music video flow a lot more efficiently, with a beat drop something intense has to be happening or something has to happen to show the drastic change of beat and tone. Justin Bieber has again noticeably changed his image and even the genre of music, it was a collaboration and a remix of an existing song, the song is more of a house track or dance track so the video must follow the conventions of those genres, one example of a convention the video follows is that the music and the video flow together really well it makes the video a lot more memorable as the audience will always think of what happens in the video when they hear the song in public. Another convention the video follows is that flashing imagery throughout the video where the beat has dropped, this is conventional as it simulates the night club atmosphere in a way, the people that would listen to songs like this would understand the flashing colours because it's like that at a club when the beat drops to a song. The video represents the artist in a very different way than before, he has found love or a good friend and let them in to his life, but they never return the favor and he feels all alone due to this neglect from a friend or lover, so Justin Bieber is alone in this situation and has to get through it without help, this is a huge leap from what he did before, there are no women in this video he fantasizes about either, this direction change put Bieber in high regards from different variations of audiences. I think there is a meaning behind this that shows he has always been a product, the fact that the audience see all these different drawings all over him are to suggest this is what record labels have done to him to make him so successful, they have changed his appearance numerous times and made him do collaborations so that he can get a wider range audience, the lyrics detail that someone had used him before and they never returned the favour, there is much speculation as to whom this could be but evidence suggests it's Selena Gomez as everytime she releases a new album he's seen with her but when he was in trouble with the police recently for crimes he committed, she was nowhere to be seen. In summary, Bieber feels he has been used for media and all the paint that is covered over him are how people perceive him and how record labels have changed him multiple times just so he can sell his albums. The artist is both ordinary and extraordinary in a way for this video, he is upset that he has been used by people he thought he could trust which happens to most people and makes people feel angry and upset at both the fact the person had no grudge against doing it for their own personal gain and the fact that the used person feels stupid for trusting them, the extra ordinary factor of Bieber in this song is that it feels much more personal to him and that he's helped someone become famous that didn't really care for him and only really cared for the publicity that would follow. I believe that the video is going against hegemony instead because he is almost showing the audience that he doesn't necessarily like the image that he has become for his fame and looks sad at the fact he's been used so much by record labels, this can be seen when his face is nearly covered with paint but looks down to suggest he is upset with what's become of him. Bieber's target audience are still his core audience from before that were girls that are really attracted to him, but he is also trying to branch into new territory like house audiences and dance audiences as this is a really conventional song of a dance track, the reason why he is branching out i because he feels as though the people who are with him are just using him so he doesn't to help those types of people anymore. The message behind this video is to be careful of those you trust, and if you can't trust them, then leave them before they use you for their own personal gain. Bieber has changed significantly since the last video as he seemed so trustworthy of the person he loved, and would go to any lengths to make them happy, in this video however he has become distrustful of those around him and doesn't feel he can trust them anymore.

Justin Bieber is not a very much liked singer as people feel others should be more popular than he is but he is very famous, this is due to the fact his first song was such a big hit to all audiences, he made it relatable for those similar to his age, he also made it popular because so many girls were attracted to him throughout his whole career and still are, he reinvented himself because he wanted to try and capitalize on the all the hype that was surrounding him at the time by becoming a sex appeal and changed one last time as he felt distrust towards those around him and thought he was being used. This research will help me decide on an artist specifically because all this has helped me gain a much greater understanding of Justin Biebers career choices and why an artist may choose a different path to go down, i believe using the same style of research for my chosen artist will help me understand more about the song itself and the different way I could make the music video for it. Maintaining a target audience is always good because if you keep hopping from one genre to another, you won't have a core fan base, you wouldn't really have many fans either due to the amount of variation in the videos, no one could understand the different career paths not would they understand the sudden changes.

Analysis of music video genres - Miss Georgiou

Music videos appeal to audiences in several ways, music videos are a great way of expressing the artists true emotions to their core audience these emotions or feelings may not be obvious in the song's lyrics so the video is just to further emphasise these feelings. Audiences like controversy in music videos and when videos are risky or weird there always seems to be more people trying to understand the artists intentions of the video or to see how bad the video actually is. The audience also like the videos artists create at they can make their friends watch it and talk about it afterwards. A lot of hard work goes into making a video as every micro element is considered and implemented to make the video everything the artist wants it to be.

Drake - Over
27 seconds into the video whilst Drake is singing the hook for the chorus, the audience see a clear example of the use of cinematography. There is a close up shot of drake at eye level wearing a white hoodie while he is sitting on the bed. This close up is trying to suggest that Drake is talking to the audience, as if he is sitting the audience down trying to talk to them about what is going on with him, especially because it was around this time he signed a record deal, he is trying to get across that he is doing this for his audience so that he can keep making the music he wants. This is stereotypical to the rap genre as it shows that the artist wants to be true to his core audience and still wants to make music for them and performs the song as a kind of message to them. Another clever use of cinematography in the video is about 38 seconds into the video where the audience can see the room he is sitting in. It's a medium shot of Drake sitting on the bed in the small room, when he starts to say "Oh yeah, that's right, I'm doing me, I'm doing me". This lyric does have some relationship with this shot specifically, he feels pressured that he's making songs that he doesn't want to make and the lyric "I'm doing me" just means he's doing what he wants instead of doing things that he dislikes, the relationship this has with the video is that the audience can see on the walls that there is a perspective of a car driving slowly down one road and when he starts with the lyrics mentioned earlier, the walls show hundreds of cars speeding past instead of one going slowly, this shows that he wants to change his music direction and just wants to do the things he wants as this is his lifestyle now. This is stereotypical of the genre as most rappers show off their new lifestyles and always like the faster lifestyle and want to do the things and music that they want to do and not what people would prefer them to do, Drake's audience understand the point of this and what the lyrics are trying to say and would try to support him in his career. The next micro element I would like to discuss is the mis-en-scene or rather the lack of it. Throughout the video there is one location that he stays in, a small room with plain white walls, the audience can also see some dressers, some lamps, a seat, a bed and a phone and they're all plain white, the audience can also see drake's costume which is again plain white, plain white hoodie and shirt and even trousers with a golden cross. All of this together suggests that drake has become pure or has become something else that he wasn't before, this is very symbolic of a resurrection like jesus, he's even wearing a golden cross so it is clear they're trying to make the comparison, and it does make sense, as he is becoming more popular to audiences and his lifestyle has changed so much, he feels he's living a new life than before not a resurrection but more of a rebirth into his new life, this also makes sense because his room doesn't have any personal belongings almost as if he has just started living this new life that he hasn't got anything yet, this is stereotypical to the genre as many famous people feel as if their lives change forever as soon as they start becoming successful and sign to a record label, Drakes audience then understand that his music is about to change and that his new life is rather alien to him and want to support him for his new turn in his music career. The last micro element I would like to look at is the editing of the video and the different connotations each one has. At 1:03 into the video, the audience see a mirror edit while Drake does his first verse. This is shows the audience that Drake is reflecting on himself, as a person and even the music he makes the lyric "I'm doing me" is almost trying to imply that he will better himself as a person, he will do himself but as we've seen prior this is his new self he is trying to be, to fit into this new lifestyle and reflecting on his past actions. This is stereotypical to the genre conventions as rappers always do reflect themselves and maybe criticize some of their music or decisions they they have made, but drake is doing this to better himself and to fit in to this lifestyle. The last use of editing I think is important to discuss in relation to the lyrics of the song itself is at about 1:44 of the music video. Drake is seen in a sort of corridor on the left while all these people, that are all blurred, walk past at a quick rate while the lyrics are "I know way too many people here right now that i didn't know last year". This conveys that Drake has started living his new lifestyle but notices how different it is, as he keeps meeting new people (presumably other artists) that he can't keep up with, it all seems like a blur to him as he can't remember a lot of these new people in his life, the video shows the audience a visual representation of the new lifestyle as he sees loads of blurred faces go past or meet him everyday. This is stereotypical to the genre because a lot of artists in the rap genre feel as if their lives are very different, some people don't like the change and feel as though they won't fit this new lifestyle.

The next genre I would like to discuss is the Indie genre or indie rock genre, the video I'll be analyzing for this is Jake Bugg's two fingers. The first micro element I'll be referring to for now is cinematography. The first shot i'll be looking at is around 30 seconds into the video. The shot is a long shot of Jake Bugg waiting for a bus in a quiet area, presumably a poor area due to the houses in the background not being massive but small instead. This shows how far Jake Bugg has come as a musician, from living in a poor area to becoming a successful singer and song writer, the shot also shows the he is looking beyond the frame, he isn't looking back at the town of houses, he is looking forward to try and get out of this lifestyle that he's been living in all his life. This is stereotypical to the indie genre as artists of that genre always talk about getting out of their hometown and try somewhere else and just try and become famous, the audience relate to Jake Bugg as lots of people from the indie genre have started in poor areas and slowly worked their way up. The next clever use of cinematography is in relation to the lyrics as well as the song's name. There is a mid shot of Jake Bugg after he tries to fight his mum's boyfriend, Bugg walks away and puts two fingers up towards the camera but he has to turn around to do it. This clearly conveying the purpose of the songs title as well as the fact he grew up in a poor area, the songs chorus says "So i hold two fingers up to yesterday", this lyric saying that he hated his past or his past actions, in this case it's the past, and the reasoning for this is because of the domestic abuse his mum always seemed to have yet she didn't really consider what it would do to Bugg. This isn't really stereotypical but it does show that he has a bad lifestyle and that his target audience sympathize with him as it must have been bad on him if he grew up in the kind of area. The next micro element i'll be discussing is the use of mis-en-scene in the video, the one key use of iconography is the guitar throughout the video. The guitar is always seen when Bugg is trying to get somewhere or leave somewhere, for example when he's walking down the street for the bus it shows he's going somewhere, when he is running for the train the guitar is again on his back that shows he is trying leave somewhere, the other examples include when he chooses to leave home to try and make it he has his guitar with him. The use of the guitar is trying to symbolize that this is his only way out of the neighborhood or area that he lives in, it's almost used as a last hope as starts his life again just to try and make it in the real world, so the guitar is used to hint that this is what will get him famous. This is stereotypical to the indie genre because most artists of the genre have made it or become famous because they primarily focused on the music they liked to play. The next micro-element i would like to talk about is the editing of two fingers and there is one good use to show Bugg's situation. Early on in the video there is a jump cut from Bugg to one of his friends smoking a joint, they're almost identical, one after the other. This could be illustrating that Bugg's friends also want to get out of this area however they can't, or that they have the same views as each other, they want to leave but only Bugg could because of his talent of the guitar. This isn't a stereotype of the genre but it does show that Bugg cared about his friends and that when he meets them later to say goodbye, he has one last smoke just to rekindle that fond memory of Buggs'. The last use of editing that is effective in the video is right at the end and it is used to convey that difference of his past and his present. The edit that is used is again a jump cut but it shows a completely different theme than before, the jump cut is from Bugg's mum screaming to Jake Bugg performing on stage for a big group of people. The purpose of the jump cut is to show how far Jake Bugg has come to where he is now, as it shows the clear difference between the domestic abuses of his mum to him performing for his fans and trying to leave it all behind. This is stereotypical as it's showing the differences of lifestyles to his audiences so that they can further respect his talent as a musician as they know that he aspired to be what he is today and that he got famous with quite a bad upbringing, which inspires his fans to keep trying.


The last genre I am going to be looking at is pop, the video I will be using to talk about conventions of the genre is "Uptown Funk" by Mark Ronson ft. Bruno Mars. There is good use of cinematography in the video to display the group of men as cool people. At around 1:07 there is a mid shot of the group of people, including Bruno Mars, dancing while the camera pans to its side while some people in the background dance to the beat of the song. This shot is trying to convey just how cool these people are, the reason why the camera pans is because that's almost supposed to be an actual person turning their head to look at them, the people in the background on the stairs are dancing because they want to be like these people and have their happy lifestyle. This is stereotypical of the genre as most pop songs now have a dance that goes with it so that when people here it a club or party, they dance like Bruno Mars from the video as it makes them feel like him in the video. The next use of cinematography is presented in a way that conveys the artists lifestyle and how busy he always is. There is a tracking shot at 1:33 of Mars and his friends walking down the street, the lyrics here are relevant as Mars sings "fill my cup put some liquor in it, take a sip, sign the check Julio! Get the stretch!". This is trying to show how quick and busy this lifestyle is, he can't take a break at all because he is so cool and popular and wanted 24/7, he has a quick drink and not even a drink a sip instead, and then he's off somewhere else probably to perform another song. This is stereotypical of the genre because the artist always attempts to come across as popular as shown by the lyrics and the video, but they also want to show off their lifestyle, he always drinks and he always performs at venues to the audience. The next micro element for this song is editing. The editing occurs when Mars first sees some women that he likes the look of, there is a reaction shot of the first woman going past then it goes to Mars and he is really happy. This shows these men like women and, as the lyrics throughout the song suggest, they can always get women all the time whenever they want. This is stereotypical as male pop artists are always seen with girls or they flirt with girls to show how good looking and attractive they are in real life and that any woman they see they could probably get, this makes the audience envious of their lifestyle as they are presented in a way that makes them get girls easily. The next use of editing is used to convey their lifestyle as said earlier. It shows the whole group dancing down the street with a limo in the background slowly following and then jump cuts to a gig that they're all performing in and doing the same dancing from before. This suggests that their lifestyle is always on go and that they have to almost be everywhere at once as they're so popular and famous to everyone and it also shows the lifestyle of someone famous as limos to the venues they'll be performing at are a stereotype of famous music artists. This is stereotypical to the pop genre as it shows they're cool, famous and have nice cars which makes some of their target audience jealous but also makes the audience aspire to be famous as them. The last element and discussion point i'll be referring to in this video is the mis-en-scene of the video. The costumes that the group wear are all nice clothes that probably cost a great deal and they look quite jazzy with the sunglasses and the hats and they never change the clothes once in the video. This shows that the group of people including Bruno Mars and Mark Ronson are materialistic and care a great deal about the clothes they wear and how they look as it's part of their image, they believe it's what makes them so famous. This is stereotypical as most pop artists are materialistic to designer fashion wear and aren't shy about it at all and wear what ever costs the most to give everyone the image that they're so rich and famous.

In conclusion, all types of music video genres vary, for example Drake and Jake Bugg mostly talked about their problems, however in uptown funk they couldn't get any happier, though Bugg does come across as being happy now, he does miss his friends. Uptown funk showed them being so popular but in two fingers no one really seemed to notice Jake Bugg, Drake had been popular but he didn't like the sudden change into his new life but he just wants to keep himself to himself. Music videos appeal to audiences in many ways, some think that the video tries to give away an implied meaning behind the song to make it easier for the audience to understand in further detail (Drake over) , some are meant to just better visualize the song (Jake Bugg Two fingers, Mark Ronson Uptown funk) and others just want to show the lifestyle they live on a daily basis(uptown funk). The audience build a relationship with the artist in many ways within the music video, they like the fact that people perform the songs for the videos because it feels a bit more real, as in they're actually watching them perform live, some just like to see the artist in general as they may be big fans of the artists, audiences like the fact they got to far lengths just to show themselves for the video and some like the stories that are part of the music video and make it more memorable, all of this is done in music videos so the audience can build a relationship with the audience, so the audience feel as if the creators of the song or video really care about the fans which encourages them to buy merchandise and albums to further support their artists. One inspiration i have is to show the artists in the video at some point performing the song or singing the lyrics as all the videos i've looked into have done exactly that, so showing the artist is very important to me and another inspiration is to have a story for the video but this may be up for debate as some videos are very successful without them.

Diversity of Music Videos - Miss Miller

Music videos often have meanings strung about them that aren't so obvious for all audiences, some music videos take a while before an audience can understand the meaning behind it. However, there are a lot of videos that are so bizarre and strange that people watch them just for this difference over normal music videos, these videos are ones that don't follow some conventional aspects of a music video and instead go for a meaning for the audience to try and understand. Some audiences believe these music videos are better, that not following the conventions of a typical music video make the video more free for the artist to express themselves, others believe that some music videos are so eccentric that they are borderline unenjoyable. The advantages of creating an eccentric music video is that people will watch it is it create a hype and buzz around the videos content which gets the video extremely famous and promotes the artists that wrote the original song. Another advantage of making these diverse music videos is that they are original in terms of existing music videos, which makes some audiences respect the directors as it shows they can make new original content for the artists fans. The disadvantages of this however is that you alienate an audience if there isn't even a purpose for the diversity behind the video but you just wanted to try and be different throughout the video. Another disadvantage of making diverse videos is that some people who really don't like the video at all will associate these videos with the artist so they won't become a fan because of that very diverse video. 2 people that do these more stranger videos are directors that deviate from video conventions, these people are Chris Cunningham and Michael Gondry, the music videos i'll look at for Cunningham are Madonna's "Frozen" and Aphex twins' "window licker" and "come to daddy" as well as Gondry's direction behind the White stripes song "Hardest button to button" and Kylie Minogue's "Come into my world".

Cunningham Cunningham is essentially the darker one of the two directors and has a lot of thought behind the videos the he has done with Madonna and Aphex Twins and both are very ambiguous music videos. The song is associated with the pop genre as Madonna is a key figure in this genre of music in the industry, however the song is definitely a differentiation form her other songs, the video was made in 1998 however the video for like a prayer was filmed in 1989, a 9 year difference, this shows that Madonna wanted to change her musical direction into something more unique than what she began doing, this can be further emphasised by comparing the style of the two videos, immediately the audience can see a clear difference between the two and how Madonna is conveyed, one seems much darker than the other immediately which again shows how Madonna wants to change her musical direction. The music video does demonstrate some conventions of the pop genre, one example is that the artist Madonna is seen frequently singing in the video, the majority of the video is just a wide range of camera shots including close ups of Madonna singing the lyrics to the song, however the most stylistic use of cinematography to show the artist performing the song is a two shot of Madonna as well as herself singing, basically there are two Madonnas. The pop convention is followed because the camera technique shows the artist singing very much like other artists in the same genre, however the two shot relates back to the desire that Madonna wants to change her music style, as the audience can see in this video, it's already significantly different from her older music videos.


There are many connections between this video and Goodwin's theory surrounding music videos and the videos content. Firstly, already highlighted before, the song does demonstrate characteristics of the genre known as pop as the artist is seen singing throughout the video, another element of Goodwin's theory present is that the demands of the record labels will include the need for lots of close ups of the artist. The reason why the record label emphasise the importance of the artist being seen through close ups is because it enables the audience to build up a relationship with the artist, so that they may relate to her songs a lot more and understand her music better. The record label want this because this makes the audience buy her albums and watch her music so that they further understand her music and the lyrical content of her songs. There are two distinctive styles of video used in this video, the two being Concept based and Performance based. The performance based has been implemented into the video through the use of editing and cinematography as it constantly cuts back and forth to her singing in different locations in the desert. The other style is concept based, the concept that the audience would take from this video is that Madonna is a sort of witch in the video, she shape shifts into bats and dogs several times in the video, this could represent the need for change in her music style as she changes her look, much like the way she changed before.

The next video is the first aphex twins video of the two that i'll be looking at, this song is called 'windowlicker'. The video begins with one man and his friend and the man really wants to have sex and after an argument with some prostitutes, aphex twins arrives in a massive limousine with a strange smile gets out of the car and starts dancing, and that is where the main part of the music video starts. The video follows some conventions in the sense that there is dancing in the video so it has the performance aspect of a music video style, for example the video shows someone wearing a mask of the artist and this person is dancing around the city with an umbrella, in an attempt to try and win the prostitutes over. This emphasises the song is a dance song because the video shows someone happy dancing around a certain location, this eventually gets the prostitutes happy which conveys the lifestyle of the a dance artist, they're always happy and have a certain difference that makes others happy. The audience then relate to this because they understand the genre and know the conventions of the genres music videos in which that they make people happy.

Goodwin's theory is also followed throughout the music video, the beat and the visuals match as some of the drum sounds time in with the man tapping his feet on the ground when he is dancing and there are frequent images of the artist who created the song in the use of masks worn by people throughout the video, the masks are important with the artists representation. The reason why the beat of the song matches the visuals is so that the audience who watch the video are entertained as the visuals are more interesting and appealing to the audience, this can be further illustrated through the use of the masks as people who see the video may want to be like him as he seems to get all of the women.

This leads to the representation of the videos artist, as said before, the artist is trying to get women and eventually succeeds in doing this, presenting him in a sexual way, however the video wants the audience to get this idea into this heads as it's a repeating image, an example of this image is when the man uses a pole to dance, uses the umbrella as a makeshift penis and touches is penis many times in the video. Obviously the representation of the artist is that he is sexual and can get any woman that he wants, the video also shows that the audience, the two black men, are jealous of this fact and try to do what he does and get any woman possible, this doesn't work in their favour because they're not the artist, this makes the audience envy the artist because they wish they could do something like that. Cunningham is a dark director because he prefers to get the message across of the artists representation of themselves through very obvious meanings, the next video i'll be talking about emphasises my point.


The next video is the last video of Cunningham again another apex twin song called 'come to daddy'. This video has a slight bit of narrative like the last, takes place on an estate where an old woman is walking her dog, the dog turns on a tv by accident and starts barking at it while the woman covers her ears due to the sound the tv gave off. This is where the audience see Aphex twins style come to life again where the kids are wearing masks of the artists face, this is a form of promotion and the audience do see him sing in the TV as well as the face masks that people wear, this is how people know it's this artist because of those masks that others wear. This is associated with Goodwin's theory because the artist is trying to get across to the audience that the mask is how you will remember him, it's sort an attribute they develop after a while.

This video also has all 3 elements that a music video should include: narrative of the old woman walking the dog and then the video just slowly getting more and more out of control, performance from the artist singing on the television screen several times and a concept as it shows that kids in the present day idolize the tv or technology in general. The effect this has on the audience is that they learn to appreciate the artist more so because of these deeper meanings surrounding the video, it makes the artist come across as intelligent. The audience relate to the artist because they may feel that these deeper meanings can also be associated with the artists music and the lyrics behind these songs.

The song isn't portrayed as the other aphex twins song, it isn't meant to be dance another genre that this song applies to is techno, which is when most of the music is done electronically rather than the use of instruments. The conventions of techno are followed quite frequently, this includes a lot of flashing imagery throughout the video. This convention is evident with the school girls running through the estate while the man on the TV keeps appearing singing. The flashing imagery is trying to emulate the atmosphere that the audience would experience when watching a techno performance live or the audiences lifestyle if they're techno fans and listen to songs of the genre frequently, this enables the audience to relate to the video as they think it looks similar to the real life performance.

The artists representation is very difficult to analysis due to eccentric nature of this video but we can easily identify what he wants to portray, the television screen man is supposed to be the artist and the artist is telling the school girls what to do. The audience can further connote this representation to mean that the artist is impressionable on kids, they wear his face which shows they want to be him and they also take the TV with them when they run off showing his importance to the kids. During the climax of the video, the artist climbs out of the TV and screams at the old lady from earlier before. Due to censorship rules of the video, it isn't allowed to be shown on MTV obviously, this is due to the inappropriate nature of some of the visuals and the fact that little girls wear a mans face is almost like a horror film, meaning censorship rules had to be followed for this video, as an example of these rather suggestive and strange visuals is when he touches the children that are wearing the artists faces.

Michael Gondry This director also has a particular style and focuses a lot more on repetition as you'll see in the two videos, the first is The White Stripes' 'Hardest Button to Button' and the second is Kylie Minogue's 'Come into my world'. Hardest button to button is a performance song only as there is no narrative or concept behind it. Every time a drum beat is played the next frame is different, this is clearly seen with the drummer as she leaves a trail of drums behind her as she keeps playing and the beat matches the video. Artists can be seen throughout in a wide variety of shots, medium shots and close ups of the drummer and guitarist as they play their song whilst walking down the street. However the location of the song isn't conventional, it takes place in an ordinary street almost as if they're both taking a leisurely stroll, this conveys them to be down to earth and relatable for most audiences which can make them respect the artists more. This video is very simplistic, just two people playing instruments as they walk down a street, train and park.

The video does demonstrate several conventions of the genre of which they are trying to appeal to, the genre is rock for this song. A convention of rock is showing the artists playing the instruments that they perform with, this is evident throughout the video as both artists are scene travelling around a city playing the drums and guitar and leaving amps as well as drum kits lying around showing that this is the path they've taken. This shows their talent in the music industry and that the artists can play the instruments as well. This to make the audience respect their talent further as talented artists which enables them to like their music a lot more, the audience the video is trying to appeal for are those that will go to concerts and gigs just to to see their favourite artists play live for them.

The video demonstrates elements of Goodwin's theory, this can be seen throughout the whole song. The beat of the drum and the visuals share a relationship as the visuals change after every drum beat, the artists move along or jump every time there is a drum beat. However the video also demonstrates two of the prime styles of a music video which are performances and concepts within the video, the performance can be seen all over the video as it follows them throughout the song as they play the guitars and drums. The concept is that they're normal people, they're seen using public transport, walking through parks, and walking down streets.

There are several representations of the artists in the video that have been illustrated towards the audience, one representation is that the two artists are outgoing and down to earth as they are not seen once in the video inside a building at all, instead they go to the park and walk along the streets playing their instruments. They're down to earth because they don't seem to care much about walking in the public, which demonstrates that they don't think of themselves highly as other artists and see themselves as normal every day people getting on with their day like everyone else.

The final video to talk about is 'Come into my world' by Kylie Minogue. This video is again all 3 elements that should make a video: narrative being that she is just walking along the street on a normal day, performance is done by her singing throughout the whole video and the concept is that life is rather dull and repetitive and is almost stuck in a loop and that she needs someone to come into her world and change that, this is backed up by the fact that Minogue walks in circles like the shape of the world and that everytime she looped everything kept duplicating, even herself was duplicating showing how regular and dull her life is becoming. The lifestyle that is presented to the audience isn't conventional, it is a very mundane world the audience are presented even for a famous person further showing how regular her world is without that special someone.

The video illustrates conventions of the pop genre very well, this is implemented as Kylie Minogue is shown to be singing throughout the song, this is a pop convention as the video is trying to demonstrate the importance of the artist and her talent in this industry. Another convention that is implemented from the pop genre are bright colours throughout the video, this is done by the peoples outfits as the audience can see the people in the background with bright yellows and reds. Both of these conventions allow the audience to relate to the music video because they are used to these conventions in pop music videos.

The video does produce elements of Goodwin's theory quite well, this is seen in the video with the relationship of the lyrics and the visuals, the songs chorus goes "Come into my world" Kylie Minogue also works in circles, which is the same shape as the world, further emphasising the fact the she wants the audience to come into her world and see what she sees on an average day with people fighting as well as people just getting by for the day.

Cunningham and Gondry are different and similar in their direction of music videos, they both go for the implied meaning and want the audience to take a guess at what the video is trying to connote about the artist. However both directors are different in their visual styles, Cunningham wants to show a darker side to things, this is shown in all of the videos he did for Madonna and Aphex twins and he tries to show another side of the artists that people haven't seen before. Gondry on the other hand is more repetitive with his music videos and isn't as dark, this repetition is conveyed in both like the duplicating performers in hardest button to button and Kylie Minogue kept duplicating everytime she walked in a full circle. Cunningham attracts an audience just because of how daring and eccentric he is with his directing, his videos attract an audience because they're unusual and controversial which means they get a lot of viewings because of this. Gondry attracts an audience because of the work that goes into his videos, Hardest button to button was impressive because of the sheer amount of instruments used in the video and Come into my world was impressive as everything kept repeating perfectly, his videos are impressive in terms of choreography as shown by Kylie Minogue's video.

There are several positives and negatives with diverse videos, positives include that if it has never been done before then the video will become extremely popular amongst the masses and will make the artists even more popular. It can also attract an audience that favour ambiguous messages and enjoy trying to understand the videos meanings. However people may find the videos so strange that they go off the artist completely an not bother with what the artist or director is trying to say.

When I create my music video I plan don't plan to use any of these methods for my video as i don't think these diverse music videos would be easy to recreate. An example of the difficulty to use these methods is that with the White Stripes song "hardest button to button" shows the amount of drum kits and amps that they had to use in every shot and the different locations they were in because of the fact that both artists were moving. In terms of Aphex twins, their videos are very confusing and some of the very controversial images being portrayed and are presented in very eccentric ways.

Research into Goodwin's theory - Miss Georgiou

Andrew Goodwin had a theory of what was necessary for a music video to have and the 7 elements it would have to have to be considered a music video, some music videos follow all of these elements, some don't, but the really successful songs seem to follow all 7 principles of the theory. These 7 principles were:
1. Music video demonstrate genre characteristics, this just means if the songs music video is conventional to the genre of the song, so dance music having bright flashing colours and young people having fun.
2. There is a connection for the lyrics and the visuals.
3. There is a connection between music and the visuals.
4. The demands of the record label will include the need for lots of close ups of the artist and the artist may develop motifs which recur across their work, first bit explains itself, the bit about the motifs basically means that their music videos will be similar across all of their songs, this could be that an artists whole collection of music videos have a lot of performing rather than a concept of narrative.
5. There is frequently reference to notion of looking and particularly voyeuristic treatment of the female body, basically means that it's almost as if the audience are watching someone without them knowing, like they will see someones more personal life.
6. There is often inter-textual reference, other products being visible throughout the music video.
7. Whether the video is primarily performance based, narrative based or concept based.
The video that i'll be looking at is Calvin Harris' 'summer' and seeing if the video falls under all of Goodwin's principles.

I will be writing my analysis of 'summer' in the order of the theory that Goodwin has given us. First lets begin with the genre characteristics, 'summer' is a dance song so this music video must have some dance video conventions. In the music video 'summer' near the end, the audience can see a sort of rave starting, this is illustrated through the use of the strobe lights flashing and lots of people dancing to the beat of the song, and just before this young women were driving really fast and expensive cars. This is conventional to the characteristics of dance music videos as his is showing the fun side of life and that people are having a good time, this makes Harris' audience relate to him as they are able to see that he is a fun and happy person, the audience also relate to the video as they are the sort of audience to go to clubs and go to raves frequently, this is evident as people are going out and meeting at someones house for a party which encapsulates that party lifestyle that people of that audience like which relates more to the dance target audience.

The next part of Goodwin's theory is that there is a relationship between the lyrics and the visuals and it can be seen in 'summer'. Calvin Harris says "when I met you in the summer" five
times in the song, in the video people wear revealing clothes like shorts and bright clothes as well all signifies it's summer, there are also people that hang around pools clearly hinting that this is a summer dance song. This really helps the song further relate to the song as they are people that like to go out and party at clubs regularly and have a good time with their friends and are probably as young as those in the videos which helps the target audience relate to the video, the target audience then look at all the brightly coloured clothes and the parties that the people in the video go to and feel they can relate to it as this is what appeals to lives as they want that summer party lifestyle.

Goodwin's theory then states that there should be a relationship between the music and the visuals. This is conveyed when the beat drops in the song for the first time, the audience are presented with a much faster paced editing style almost like a montage, when the cars are racing each other, and as soon as it gets back into the slower side of the song the shots are much longer and slower in a way. This demonstrates the relationship between the music and the visuals because when the song gets faster and upbeat, the shots get quicker but as the song goes back to its original tempo the camera shots become a lot slower and the target audience can relate to this as they go to clubs often and everyone dances faster when the beat drops, this then makes the audience think this is a party song made for them as they see the atmosphere the video is trying to convey and then relate to it as they then want to go to a club for the song to be played.

The next element of Goodwin's theory is that the record label demand that there will be lots of close ups of the artist. This is apparent in the music video 'summer' as there are sections where it just shows only Harris walking down a street on his own, not a close up but he's the only one there so the audience are drawn to him walking. This clearly meets the demands of the record label to show the artist and the audience a able to relate to Harris further as his audience don't usually see him at clubs but they hear his music, seeing him is a big deal for his audience because they don't usually see Calvin Harris but only hear his music, they then relate to the artists music even further thinking that he made an effort for his fans with the video, they audience also begin to identify with Calvin Harris more as they see the music that he does and become more of a fan of his and expect his type of music to be played in the clubs.

The next principle of Goodwin's theory is that there is a particularly voyeuristic treatment of the female body. This can be the most obvious one as there are several moments when the audience see this, there is a woman in a bed, the same woman in a bath, several women with little clothing outside in the pool, 2 women that are dancing and another seen in a pool. The audience can relate to this as they may see this as an envious life style to have and Calvin Harris' fans may respect him a bit more as they would also want the lifestyle that he has, the target audience, mostly male audiences, also relate to this because they always expect that when they go out clubbing they may find someone they want and treat in this way, even the connotation of the woman in bed further emphasises that men go to clubs to have a good time and to get women.

The next element is that there is often inter-textual reference. This can be identified when the audience see the cars being was to race have company names painted on the side of them. This is blatant inter-textual referencing and also works as advertising for the car companies, this is because the audience associate the cars with the brands and think that the cars are of high quality and that they will be very fast. The audience that the song appeals to want to live that life and be successful and famous and race with fast cars so they are able to relate to this a lot more easily, also the lifestyle the audience live feel as if it's a fast life so when they see another persons life that is similar in terms of it being fast they relate to the artist more as they understand that lifestyle is better.

Finally the last element of Goodwin's theory is whether the music video is performance based, narrative based or concept based. 'summer' falls under two of these categories, one being performance based as the audience clearly see Calvin Harris singing throughout the video and concept based as the concept of the video is to show the life that Calvin Harris lives and that summer is a time to be happy. The audience can relate to this as it shows that Harris can perform in his area of music and it also shows that Harris is a happy person in general which is what his target audience or fans would like to see as they're also happy with what they do which enables them to build up more or a relationship with Harris.

Censorship - Miss Miller

Censorship affects artists that produce explicit content that some audiences may find offensive, it has been used different types of media publication like films and television programs but one form of media is affected even more so, music videos are censored due to their rude lyrics, these types of songs will only be shown after watershed (9:00PM) on music channels and some songs on youtube are censored with some swear words not being heard. Some songs are so offensive for audiences that censorship was made by the channels to 'protect' artists target audiences as people would complain about the music that some artists create, therefore censorship was made so that the artists music can still be heard but swear words or anything with horrible implications was censored or blocked from the song being shown on the music channel before watershed. Ofcom are also a massive part of censorship, Ofcom is the regulator and competition of authority for UK communications industries. It regulates tv and radio, fixed the telecoms, mobiles, postal services and the airwaves which wireless devices use. People who watch television and listen to the radio are protected from harmful or offensive material. That is what ofcom do to every form of media out there to make sure it isn't offensive in anyway, they have a board that will decide whether or not something is in violation of censorship regulations and hasn't been dealt with professionally. Ofcom are the deciders of whether or not a song needs to be censored, when it has been, the song is shown on television, if the TV channel do not comply with showing the censored version of a song before watershed, they could fine them as they did recently to EE for not handling customer complaints in the correct manor. Some artists songs have been censored due to ofcom and its regulations, Eminem's 'Stan' has had a few explicit words removed that are noticeable when there is a sudden silence in the middle of the song that comes out of nowhere, also Rihanna's song 'we found love' has also been censored as it's implied throughout the video that they're having sex, stealing, doing drugs, gambling and making their own tattoos, nearly all of which has been censored for it to be shown on music channels.

In class we had a debate over the topic of censorship with Eminem's music as he has made some rather controversial songs in the past, one example is thought to be about how he wanted to kill his wife after she cheated on him in real life. Someone had to play the role of a specific person and talk of how it effected them in anyway. First it was Eminem and how he felt about censorship on his music. Eminem is against censorship of his songs for many reasons, he feels that whatever he says, he wants to say and feels it needs to be said, he says what he wants to do, this means he is passionate about the creativity behind his songs and that they shouldn't be hindered by censors just for the sake of one or two people who may not like the music he creates. Eminem thinks his music is to motivate others, not to kill or take drugs but to get through those hard parts of your life, Eminem is so successful through his rapping that he wants to motivate others to keep pushing for their dreams just like he did, Eminem went through hardships and wants dedicated fans to do the same. Eminem raps about his personal life and struggles through many of his songs (Mockingbird) and these are almost like open letters to his fans about how he is doing, censoring this is taking away from his creative freedom and just shows he can't say everything he wants to to his audience, the audience therefore build up a relationship with Eminem further as he is open to all of his fans about his life. A quote from Eminem that can be applied to his song 'kim' is "I say 'shocking' things, I don't do 'shocking' things" meaning that he supports creative freedom for his songs and that he doesn't wan to do the things he says, he just wants to leave messages for his fans or he is just joking about what he says. Eminem thinks that no matter who you are or what you do, people will always be offended so there is no point catering towards those people as they don't understand that bottling what you think about the world isn't good. Lastly, Eminem feels if you don't like his music then don't listen to it and parents should have more control over their children if they don't want them to watch such things.

Eminem felt that his music was in such a high risk of being censored (and still is) so he made his own record label so he was safe, the record Label was called 'Shady Records' as to not feel pressured by any labels. Shady records believe that audiences like the controversy otherwise Eminem wouldn't be as popular as he is in todays standards and people respect the fact that he's willing to what others won't dare to say. Music is a way for many artists, like Eminem, to express themselves, censorship is blocking this freedom of expression and is taking away from the art form in its entirety, why bother being creative when they will just take away your own creativity. Shady records said that some of their artists have become very popular so why would they be popular if they're bad or purposely promote bad impressions for their audience?

Parents feel that their children are impressionable by those they look up to, a lot of kids who really enjoy rap look up to Eminem as he was able to become famous. Is this such a good thing, parents are very protective over their children and think it is disgusting that a rapper with such a massive fan base would talk about killing his wife calling her a 'bitch' and a 'slut', this isn't what parents would like their children to be hearing. Parents feel it isn't his music videos but instead his lyrics of his songs because some of his songs are extremely inappropriate for his audiences. Parents feel that kids shouldn't have to be shielded from such things and don't want to but some things are just too much and some people just go too far, to resolve this, dedicated fans of an appropriate age should be able to download his music so it isn't in the reach of kids and so that it doesn't do harm to them.

Whilst all parents are protective of their own children, some believe that what Eminem are doing is the right thing, he's informing kids on drugs in the hopes that they don't take them, when Eminem talks about his drug taking, he never does so to promote drugs, quite the opposite, people know he had a bad upbringing and this could've been because of drugs, he isn't implying that everyone should do drugs. Censoring music won't stop kids from ever hearing an explicit version that may be on the internet somewhere so what is the point of censoring it. Parents that are against censorship also feel that they shouldn't be naive and should be able to understand the world from a different perspective. Parents should keep tabs on their children if other parents are so worried about what they get up to, they should ask their children about it and not just shut them out for good. Finally, though some kids are impressionable by what they see, music will not make you a violent person, if it did, then music would be gone for good, however violent people can listen to these songs and that's all it is, violent people, songs don't create violence.

Eminem has a massive fan base that would follow him even if he were wrong, they would argue for his creative freedom and his opinions that he is trying to convey. Eminem raps about his personal life to his fans and they are almost like open letters, this enables his target audience to build a relationship with him further as he is open to his fans. Eminem talks about his worries and the effects his rap career has on his personal life, his fans care for him a great deal and respect him even further as he was able to tell them these worries. Fans may feel very negative towards censorship as it takes away their idols creative freedom, they want him to express himself but he cannot do that if censorship takes away that freedom. Fans also believe that if Eminem could do it, then anyone with a desire of rap could do it, he is an inspiration to his target audience and they cherish him for it.

Music channels also have a massive role to play in the context of censorship as they are the one that could get fined, MTV feel very strongly about censorship and need certain songs to be censored before watershed, some stuff that needed to be censored are quite strong reasons, one being that he threatened a member of congress and wants to destroy the white house which are both illegal acts in just saying you want to do it, lyrics that he wrote that relate to the columbine massacre doesn't show his sympathetic but instead trying to make money off of others' deaths, he is quite homophobic in reality so his lyrics are rather dated in today's society and some of his general views are just rather edgy to say the least. In contrast to this there is a music channel that believe artists should be free instead and this is AKA who promote up and coming artists, they believe that rappers should express themselves freely so they promote this kind of attitude, due to this they were fined £18,000 by ofcom, they focus more on urban songs like Eminem's music, censorship blocks a lot of ideas fans could have of a music video and the lyrics' meanings and if they did this, then it could be violating their philosophy on music and this controversy only gets more fans and audiences to pay attention.

BBC are a radio company that also feel strongly for censorship as even Eminem's lyrics can be quite offensive to some people. The BBC have to make their station appropriate for all audiences at all times, this could be anyone of any age and his 'kill you' is about rape and uses words like 'slut' which is promoting the wrong ideas to kids that could be listening. BBC feel that there is no guarantee to who is listening to the radio so care is always taken into account when broadcasting. BBC also said that whether an artists song is censored or not it is advertising them so either way an artist is making money so there isn't much of a difference.

Censorship in general affects a lot of artists and the work that they produce, it is a 50/50 split right down the middle, there are those that approve of censorship and think it saves kids from being corrupted, and there are those that are against it and believe that people should grow up and realize that kids will learn these things later in life or now. My personal opinion is that censorship just destroys the artists point, if someone had spent months painting his work of art and then someone claimed that one bit or another of the painting is offensive, it would make the artist feel bad as it's his work someone is destroying the point of it, i also feel that censorship is unnecessary as it just delays the inevitable of kids knowing about drugs and that there are people in the world that would commit violent actions. I would like to say that this opinion of mine will carry over to my music video as i do not agree with censorship in the slightest and it may destroy an idea that i might have about my music video.

Research into music channels - Miss Georgiou

Music channels have been around for ages, and for good reasons. The songs that are shown on these channels are extremely popular at the time the video is shown, it is a great source of advertising for the artists trying to get their songs out to the public and can even sell their albums that are going to be released. They only really show the most trending songs as this will get them the most viewings from their target audience but the artists give them at bit of money for their songs to be shown.**

MTV target audience of mtv consists of 13-21 year olds. mtv plays chart popular music which are songs that are in the top charts at this present time, a few artist regularly feature on the charts including Taylor Swift who normally does songs and videos about breaking up with a boyfriend or that she doesn't have one, Rihanna who tries to portray herself in a very sexual way in both videos and songs, Beyonce which shows women or girls to be quite proud and strong as well as sexual, Katy Perry which also shows artists and Jason Derulo. The target audience of mtv can appeal to these artists and relate to them because of the songs they sing because of their meanings and some of them just appeal to them because they find the tune quite catchy. On mtv's music channel guide at 2 o'clock today they will be showing a one direction official top ten, 

one direction: official top 10

Countdown of 1D's best-selling singles to date, as compiled by the Official Charts Company. Will 'What Makes You Beautiful', 'Kiss You' or 'Best Song Ever' claim the top spot? Tune in to find out! [S]

this appeals to our target audience because it is aimed towards an age group of teenagers that are most likely 13-15 year olds watch the show in order to see their favourite songs, because one direction are so popular towards the age group that watch the show, others may see this is on and want to watch their favourite songs made by them, also one direction have tried to market their songs towards that particular audience as that audience feel that their songs are aimed at them which enables them to relate to the artists as well as myv for broadcasting these types of songs. The logo as well is important to the tv channels image for many reasons, one being that the tv part of the logo is in a graffiti styled font which is a good representation of teenagers which emphasises their chaotic side as as teenagers, the colours are also important because they won't distract from the music video being played on their channel.

SCUZZ There are a wide range of music channels consisting of different genres of music, the music channel known as scuzz is a clear example of a deviation of genres within music channels as this channel only shows rock music instead of pop. Aimed at more adult audiences probably in the range of 16-30 with popular artists like metallica, A day to remember, Slipknot and You me at six. Here is a tv guide for what they will be showing on 24 of june at 10:00AM.
Blink 182 vs Good CharlotteBlink 182 vs Good Charlotte
Blink 182 and Good Charlotte are going head2head in this video battle - who wins?! Are you £TeamBLINK or £TeamGC? Come let us know on Twitter @ScuzzTV
Blink 182 and 'good charlotte' can be classified as rock due to them being shown in their tv guide. The target audience of scuzz that ages 16-25 will relate to these artists as they are rock songs and may like the tunes of the instruments like the drums or electric guitars they may also like the genre in general and find that they can relate to this type of music better than other genres, this could make the target audience build up a relationship with blink 182 or good charlotte and can make them watch the tv channel more often than before. scuzz audiences can relate to the logo of their channel for several reasons, one of which includes the letters shapes, the edges of some letters look quite sharp, this could represent that their music is sharp but also the logo looks metallic further emphasising the fact that it is a sharp looking logo, same as before, the logo isn't multi-coloured because it won't distract audiences when they are watching music videos for some of their favourite artists on the channels.

AKA The channel known as aka actually help upcoming artists from specific genres like urban, hip-hop and grime and try to get them a fan base and make them successful by getting their target audience consisting of the age group 16-25 and attracting them to many of the artists on this channel. They have been responsible for making several people famous and are well known still to this day including Tinchy Stryder who does grime music, Chipmunk who does grime and hip hop  and finally Tinie Tempah who does hip hop and grime as well as electronic. AKA's audience can appeal to these artists because they're actually quite similar, maybe the audiences want to watch these shows as they show that some people can make it in the industry and it can inspire others to get into the industry and actually strive for their hopes and dreams. This is a tv guide from 26th june on channel AKA.

UK vs USA #BangersOnly

Friday 4:05pm

AKA is all yours - you choose UK or USA on the Channel AKA smartphone app. Download and get selecting for free. Bangers only!

Length

55 mins

Music & Radio, Hip Hop

AKA have made the channel description so the audience feel as if they're getting involved with the competition as they can vote for their favourite, the word 'Bangers' is colloquial language which further relates to the target audience as they're teenagers that use this kind of language when texting or with their friends. The hashtags in the programs title also allows the audience to get the channel trending as people will see this on twitter and start watching the program, allowing more audiences to participate. The logo for AKA further encourages their philosophy they have on lesser known artists, the person in the logo is looking away from AKA, the big picture, but this could be that the person is looking somewhere unexpected for the next talent, also the colours black and red are very strong colours maybe these two colours represent the artists and their hopes and dreams and that they're very strong in a sense of how much they can go for their dreams, however it could be distracting during a video but it could be much smaller on the TV format.

ClubLand TV clubland is a united kingdom music channel that covers upbeat pop and dance videos from the clubland compilations album that was created on 28th january 2008, its main competitor in the industry at the moment is MTV dance but is much more popular by five times the viewings than MTV dance so it is barely a competitor. Clubland tv made it available for audiences to watch and stream their channel from smartphones and tablets, they also have apps available for audiences, this shows a major difference between the others but also emphasizes another huge factor in music channels, technology is always advancing and clubland are evolving instead of being left behind. The target audience for clubland tv is between 15-28, this is evident as shown by thousands of music videos of dance and pop where it seems to be only young people having fun, as they are trying to appeal the their audience. As the genre of music is rather large they have a special showing for a lot of artists but some you could expect could be Calvin Harris, daft punk, AVICII and even Swedish house mafia, anyway this is a list of their standard television showings everyday as it seems:

• Wake Up - Dance music to start the day.
• Am2Pm - Non-stop house/techno/eurodance.
• Clubland - A chance for viewers to request club music.
• Mania - A selection of commercial dance music.
• Classix - Classic Clubland tracks.
• Blue Zone - Brand new house sounds from Clubland

this would appeal to their target audience it would seem as though it is appealing to different audiences like pop and dance and house at the same time, sometimes they merge the genres that aren't as popular together to satisfy all audiences at once which is a clever little tactic to attract as many audiences so your target audience gets even bigger, the audience will also like the schedule as they're able to try and suggest songs to clubland that they want to hear which makes them like the channel as it shows they care for the audience as well as showing the brand new dance tracks everyday so that fans of the channel can be kept up-to-date. It can further gain more money from artists as you're showing a fair few a day and promoting what they do. The logo also relates to its core audience as the little dots are supposed to represent lights maybe at a club when a dance track comes, also lack of colours makes the audience focus on the video rather than the logo.

VH1 first launched in 1985 (1st january), VH1 is an american cable channel meant to build off of the success of MTV and actually aim for an older demographic, however the channel gained more popularity later where its reality programming started becoming more popular in modern day culture but a lot of the popular programs were music based. Its first intent was to start with softer popular songs with several artists that were popular at the time trying to appeal to those aged 18-35 and tried to play more jazz and R&B, they also had lots of urban contemporary performers. this changed between 1989-1994 when they started to play more adult contemporary, classic rock and mainstream pop music. In recent years the channel has deviated to its popular channels mostly being reality tv shows as well as music, but you will have noticed they have stayed true to their roots as they have always done reality programming but have only really cashed into it recently as they have managed to become the most popular pieces of television. This is a tv guide for VH1 on the 2nd of july:

5:00 PM

Saturday Night Live TV-14

Live From New York: The First 5 Years Of Saturday Night Live

Over the last three decades, "Saturday Night Live" has launched the careers of many of the brightest comedy performers of a generation; and, as The Ne...

The audience will relate to this as saturday night live is a very popular show in america, so audiences of the age of 20-35 would watch it as they watched it growing up. The logo is using quite a bright shade of purple to attract peoples attention, the logo has undergone many different changes so it's safe to assume there is a literal connotation behind this, but the colour is the main aspect and it is meant to stand out and make the audience be drawn to it.

MTV is broken down into different music genres like rock and pop for several reasons, they need to expand their target audience to a much wider demographic, appealing to different music genres achieves a greater audience and a greater following for all of your individual channels, and due to these individual channels, there is more revenue to be made as thousands of different people prefer different genres to one another. Music channels are still a good way of appealing to a large target audience as it's a good way of finding out about news song releases from popular artists that audiences will watch and take interest into that artist. As there are many more music channels that the 5 i've discussed, i would like say the reason there's such a vast variety of music channels out there is because some will promote popular or unknown artists of a specific genre, some will promote an artist in particular by showing their new song again and again until it's in-bedded into peoples minds to the point that they will remember the music video to a specific song. I have learnt in great detail that there are many ways tv channels can appeal to a wide target audience and i have also learnt why there are so many of these channels still going to this day all, doing unique stuff for their audiences.