Planning editing styles - Miss Georgiou

A wide variety of editing styles are good within music videos for several reasons, one is that in music videos there are a lot more edits than say a film scene, this is so that the video matches the beat of the song and keeps a constant flow for the audience to follow. Another reason why editing is essential is because it makes filming a lot easier as you don't have to use one continuous shot, you create several shots and quickly cut to each of them to present different connotations for the audience.

The first use of editing I will be talking about that we hope to use later when editing all of the video together is a time lapse, this is where time goes very quick in the frame to show how long someone has been in a single location, this is how we plan to use it as our artist will be shown to be playing the guitar for an extended period of time around central London to show how long he has been trying to get famous. I would say that the editing style is conventional to the indie genre as it shows that our artist is talented enough to play the guitar as well as sing and shows that he is dedicated to his craft, this way audiences of the genre respect our artist more because of this talent which almost encourages the audience to watch the video so they can understand the lengths my artist is willing to go through. The editing style helps connote that our artist really wants his dreams to come true and that he's still fighting for them to come true, the editing style also demonstrates the amount of his own time he is willing to dedicate to make his dream a reality, the idea that he's willing to spend so much time trying to get famous relates to the lyric near the end of the video, "Hey. Hey it's fine i left it behind" which hints that he managed to get through the hardest parts of his career earlier.

The next use of editing that will be featured in our video is a montage, this is where there are a lot of different camera angles and techniques within a short period of time. This is conventional to the indie video genre because the visuals of the video will match the rhythm of the song as this is where the chorus of the song will start and that has more of a beat than the normal verses before the chorus, this is conventional because the audience will know at that point that the song connects with the video and that there is a meaning behind the video that could relate to the song. The editing style should demonstrate how much our artist has changed since he entered the city to accomplish his dreams of becoming famous but also show the state he is in, he hasn't washed, he doesn't have a job and he doesn't live anywhere, as it will show him performing from day to night without him changing clothes whatsoever. We will use this when our artist is in central London during the first chorus of the song to show just how long he has been trying to get famous in the music industry.

Moving on to another example of editing we plan to use for our music video is a saturation filter, this takes away a bit of the colour from a certain shot so it looks more dull and lifeless in a way. This is conventional to the indie genre as indie videos typically have dark and hard hitting concepts in the video, to emphasise these themes they take the colour away so that it's more memorable and to make the theme parallel with the colour of the video, it also adds a sense of reality to the music video, almost showing that the story behind the music video actually happened. The editing style represents that our artist has lost all the life and hope he once had at the beginning of the video and has become completely broke and depressed due to the fact that he was unsuccessful. The saturation of colours will increase slowly as the video reaches the end so that the audience can see a clear contrast between the artist at the beginning and the end of the video.

The last use of editing that i will be talking about the should be produced when editing the clips together is a jump cut near the beginning of the video. The editing technique is conventional to the genre as it implies a complete contrast in locations as well as the artist because he isn't use to this change due to him not living in the city before, this is good structure in my music video because it sets up the goal for my artist which is to be successful in the city so he doesn't have to go back home. It shows that our artist is about to experience a very big change in his life, a change in which he may not be ready for as the audience later find out as he is living on the streets but the edit shows he is willing to start again just for his dream of being in the music industry. It will appear after the first verse when it says "something is changing" when he's waiting at the train station for the train.

In conclusion, our audience begin to respect our artist a lot more because they allowed some insight in what he used to do before making it into the film industry and the troubles he would face. The audience feel sympathy towards our artist because they realise all the horrible things he had to go through in order to accomplish dreams and makes some audience realise how hard it is for your dreams to be accomplished.

Planning lighting and colour - Miss Georgiou

Lighting and colour of a music video is essential when planning the project as it determines when you will be filming to capture the shot that you want. Different uses of lighting can portray different connotations within the music video you're creating, for example, low key lighting is when the frame is presented to be very dark, like the audience cannot see much in the frame, this could be used to show the artist's darker side to him/her self, however a back light, which is a source of light behind the character, could show they have a brighter side to them or that they have hope depending on the context of the shot. Colours are just as important because certain colours may illustrate different meanings, for example, a lot of black in a shot could suggest death or depression of a character, however, white could suggest hope and innocence of a certain character.

In our group, we've decided to use a wide range and variety of colours as well as lighting, I will start by talking about the different lighting techniques we will hopefully be producing for the music video. Firstly we want to use high key lighting as well as natural key lighting as it will be shot in the day time, near the beginning of the video just after the first scene where our artist taps in his oyster card and later when he starts performing around central London on the streets. This is conventional to our genre because in the context of this scene where our artist leaves his hometown in hopes to become famous in the music industry by playing his music in the city, the high key lighting is used to connote that things will be good for our artist or he thinks he could make it into the industry. This presents our artist in a hopeful way but also shows that he's willing to take risks for his dreams to come true, the lighting should also connote that he is innocent because he isn't shown to be a bad person in the video at this point. This is conventional because it gives the artist and the audience hope that he will be successful by the end of the video, it's also to show hope that he has for himself to get into the indie music industry and finding that it's much harder than he presumed, the audience then understand the bright high key lighting means hope and also become hopeful that he will break into the industry enabling the audience to further build a relationship with the artist.

The next use of lighting in the video will be low key lighting towards the near end of the video where our artist has ran from the cab to get to his home. Due to the artist not being successful in the city, the artist has no money so he has to run from the cab as soon as it stops so he doesn't get forced to pay for it. This is conventional to the indie genre as the genre's videos normally contain a hard hitting concept surrounding the video. This illustrates our artist as unsuccessful in the city and shows some of the situations he had to face to become famous, the low key lighting also suggests that by the end of the video, our artist has completely changed as he has ran away from paying a cab driver due to him having no money whereas at the beginning of the video he seemed as though he had hope of making it in the city. The theme or ending of my video is very much conventional to the indie genre that talks about negative messages or depressing stories because they feel more raw and harsh for the audience, the audience like this type of style in the indie genre because some genres try to cover that it's nearly impossible to get into the music industry on your own. The use of low key lighting can relate to the lyrics of the song because there is a lyric "been down some dark alleys in my own head", low key lighting connects the video and the song together and can also infer that the story of the song is a personal tale of the artists.

The next topic i'll be discussing in our video is the colour that we plan to use in several scenes. We have thought of the idea to use black frequently in the video by making that the colour the artist wears throughout. This is conventional to the indie genre as it portrays a darker side to our artist but it also presents a particular image about him, this is what the audience will remember about our artist. This is also conventional because it may even connote a darker message about the narrative of the video, the dark messages could be that our artist is all alone with no money by the end, the fact he wears black throughout the video shows foreshadowing of the artists later decisions in the video.

In conclusion, the audience can build up a relationship with the artist as they feel sympathy towards him, they understand he is caught up in his dreams in the beginning of the music video and wants to pursue them, but they also understand he is doing all of this alone so they understand one of the concepts at the end of the video is that it's very hard to become famous in the music industry if you're doing it on your own.

Lyric analysis - Miss Georgiou

The purpose of analysing the lyrics to our song is very simple, analysing the lyrics gives us a better understanding of what the song's lyrics are actually about, this could be a personal experience the artist has had or a story they really liked and wrote it in the form of a song. In short, it makes it easier to understand the point of the song and why the lyrics give the song purpose, in our case, the song is a personal experience of Jake Bugg. This demonstrates that we're planning the music video because we're analysing the lyrics to the song we have chosen, we have also planned that what will be happening in the video while the lyrics are being sung in the background.

A hidden message of our chosen song made by Jake Bugg is that it's all about his past and the experiences he's had growing up in Nottingham, known to be a poorer area in England. Bugg reminisces about all of the good times and the bad times growing up in this area, the lyric that backs this point up is in the first verse of the song, "some things to be proud of, some stuff to regret". This conveys that, like most people, we all remember the good things we've done and the bad things we've done in our lives, Bugg is just reminiscing about all of these times good and bad. Though at the end of the song he says "Hey, hey it's fine, i left i behind" referring to his old life in Nottingham, he does talk about the good things of growing up like his friends there were "the best people i could ever have met", Bugg is talking about all the things he's left behind in this song, however he doesn't discriminate as he does talk about the good things he's missed from that area from growing up there.

Our group have annotated the lyrics so that we know what should be happening during the lyrics, for example, we know that when the lyrics say "i drink to remember", the artist in our video should just be entering the train station to get into the city. We have also annotated some of the lyrics in the song so that we can jot down what the lyrics actually mean in the context of the song, this will help us when making the storyboard as it would give us a good direction of what to put in the visuals of the video so that they could match the lyrics or the beat of the song.

The annotations that our group have made to the songs lyrics will help us for many different elements that need to be incorporated into the video that we will be making. I will be talking about how the annotations on the lyric sheet will help us plan the codes and conventions of the indie genre in the video, firstly, we will be using a guitar throughout the video that our artist will be playing frequently in the video to show that he is talented with an instrument in his music, the annotations will help us know when we will show the artist just playing the instrument in the city area in the music video. Another code and convention that we will follow from the annotations of the lyrics is that there will be concept in the video, this concept has been annotated where it says "Something is changing", at this point we will show the artist relocating himself into the city, conveying that changing means the change of his lifestyle he is about to experience, a very important concept to the music video we plan to implement. The last genre characteristic that we plan to create for our video is the artist busking around liverpool street to try and become rich and famous, however while doing so, he's mugged and has nothing left but his guitar, this shows the hardships our artist would have had to go through while trying to become famous desperately.

The lyric annotations will help us with planning cinematography as we have wrote exactly what we will be filming for each of the different verses in the song to portray the narrative for the audience. The first camera shot i'll be discussing is near the beginning where the songs first starts after the short cab driver scene, is the Point of view shot of the artist tapping his oyster card through. We decided to illustrate this point of view shot to show how personal it is for the artist as it's almost like he's showing the audience the story and explaining his experience to them through the use of the point of view shot, this can be related to the lyrics the moment the song starts where it says "I drink to remember" further emphasising how personal the song is to the artist. The next camera shot i'll discuss for our music video is an over the shoulder shot of our artist trying to open a door with a house key that belongs to him. The shot is supposed to suggest to the audience that we're behind the artist with whatever he wants to do and that they will support the artist through to the end.

The lyric annotations will help us planning the editing styles of the video as we have decided on the different transitions from each shot into the other shot, the editing may portray contrasts in our video as we'll see later. The first editing style I will discuss is the jump cut that will happen in the second verse at the end where it says "something is changing, changing, changing", this jump cut will occur when he is at Liverpool street station making his way to the exit and the jump cut will show the whole station rushing around. This is implies a relationship between the lyrics and the visuals because the lyrics talk about change, so we change the shot to something a bit more fast and the audience can clearly see this change, it also shows the significant change in the artists lifestyle from Buckhurst hill to the busy city life. The next use of editing I would like to discuss is right at the end of the video when our artist tries to back to his old home but realises his key doesn't fit the lock anymore, there will be a split screen here of the famous and successful artist having a drink being happy while our artist is sitting on the floor in the freezing cold outside his old house, this will be where it says "hey, hey it's fine". This is to further convey the differences between our artist and the successful man he sees and to show that sometimes you have to be lucky in the music industry in order to become famous like the other person.

The next micro element ill be discussing in terms of the lyrics annotations is the mise-en-scene throughout the video and when they will occur. The first element of mise-en-scene i'll discuss is iconography in the video, a clear demonstration of iconography will be in the use of the guitar that belongs to our artist, he'll use this throughout the video as this is why he wants to be famous, he wants to be a musician. The connotation behind the guitar is that it's the only way he'll ever get out of his hometown to try and make it big in the city, the guitar is the artists shred of hope for a good future and that he needs to play it to become famous or successful in the industry, this makes him come across a lot more relatable to the core audience because they will respect the artist for the talent of playing a guitar as indie audiences like these kinds of artists. The next use of mise-en-scene is the costume and hair of our artist, throughout the video, our artist will be wearing dark colours throughout the entire video without changing clothes at all, his hair will start off quite smart and tidy but progressively get more and more scruffy as the video carry's on. This is to further imply how unsuccessful he is in the city because he hasn't got any other clothes with him nor does he have any money to buy clothes or rent somewhere which is why we'll always see him playing the guitar on the streets, the hair also connotes he can't afford to keep up appearances nor has he washed in a while, the audience then sympathise with the artist as they understand the hardships he has had to overcome to become famous and will better understand our artist in the video. The next use of mise-en-scene that will be implemented into our video is the lighting and colours of our video. Firstly the lighting will start of bright as our artists goes to the city, when he gets to the city it will still be bright but the lighting will change from high key to low-key in several scenes, the colour on the other hand will start off normal with no specific or obvious changes, however, the saturation will slightly decrease making the video seem more dull for our artist by the end of the video. The setting of our video will be changing throughout the course of the video as well, we will start of the home town of the artist in Buckhurst hill and then we'll see the artist got to the city at Liverpool street, he will then play at various locations in central London to show that he's always moving around hoping to get famous. The changes in locations relate back to the lyrics where it says "something is changing, changing, changing" as we will show the artist performing on the street in several locations. This conveys that the artist is not willing to give up and wants to make something out of his life in the music industry, the changes in locations also convey the changes the artist is willing to take to get into the music lifestyle successfully. The facial expressions of our artist will change slightly as the video progresses so that by the end, they expressions will seem completely different by the end as he will start off happily thinking that this is how he's going to get famous in the city, however, when the song reaches the climax he will look upset and depressed as he is sitting outside the house he couldn't get into earlier. This is to show the narrative and how our artist has gone full circle because he tried to make it all on his own but it didn't work out well, this makes the audience sympathise with him because they wanted him to become famous but it didn't work out too well for him.

For our video we've tried to go for all 3 music video styles which include performance from the artist, narrative for the video which is just a story the audience can follow and finally a concept which is an implied meaning from the music video that the audience are supposed to learn from. Firstly, during to chorus there will be several shots of the artist playing the guitar rested on a wall singing the song as well to the camera. This shows that the artist is talented for the audience which makes them respect his music more because it shows he performs and writes and sings all of his music. We decided to include a narrative into the video because this is how we get the audience to pay attention to the video. The narrative we have chosen to go for is that our artist goes to the city to try and become famous in the music industry, while performing on the streets he gets mugged and no one really gives him money while performing, showing he is unsuccessful, The artist decides to go back home as it hasn't worked after several days and sees a famous artist while leaving the city. Our artist then gets a cab back to his home and doesn't pay the driver as he has no money left, when he gets home, the people there have changed to locks so he can't get in, the video will end with him waiting outside the house, we have labeled on the lyrics at the end of the video "key" which is when the artist will try to get in with his old key. The narrative ties in with the concept of the video as well because we wanted to emphasise how hard it is for people to become famous in the real world because people just won't notice you, also that if you start out on your own, then you probably won't get famous at all. These themes that make the concept and the narrative are hard hitting and dark themes that indie audiences will respect as it shows that our artist talking about the problems with trying to get famous, you have to know someone, if you don't then you wound up like our artist in the video.

The annotations will help us when planning the relationship between our audience and our artist as it shows why they like the song so much and why they can relate to it or respect it. For example, there is a lyrics right at the beginning "I drink to remember, i smoke to forget". This is relatable for audiences as it gets across that the artist has some bad habits that help him forget his darker past, but sometimes there is some good that he feels personally when drinking so that he can remember the good times. This builds a relationship between the audience and the artist because they feel upset for him as he has some bad habits he's picked up due to his past which he sometimes regrets. The annotations will also help targeting the video towards our core audience because we would understand what the audience want to see more of in the video, like dark subject matters. It may help additionally due us already knowing what the audience want to see so we can target our artist at them this way.

In conclusion, we will use the annotations when planning our video through the use of storyboards as we will know what to film and show to the audience at each frame due to the annotations of the lyrics. It will also give us good direction of what needs to be included for the concepts and the narrative of the video and what parts will stand out. The annotations will be considered when writing our storyboard as it will give us a rough idea on what to plan for each frame in the storyboard.

Planning setting and iconography - Miss Gerogiou

Locations are essential when creating a music video because the locations mean how much difficulty you'll be facing when filming in each location, this could be people walking into the shot or it could be that there is bad weather at the location of filming around a certain time. Iconography is essential to a music video as well because it can help emphasize the point of the song, e.g. there could be a guitar which makes the artist come across as talented as well as the fact that the artist plays the guitar in the music video, it may even be a prop that is used in all of an artists music videos as that's the image they want to get across to their audience.

The first location we want to use in our video is Buckhurst hill station, the reason why we want to use this is because it works for our narrative which is that he leaves his old town in search for his dream on becoming a music artist, the location also works because it suggests that the artist is about to start a long journey, this follows the conventions of the indie genre as a lot of songs talk about leaving home for their chance at fame which is what the artist here is doing. In this location we plan to film very few shots here, these shots will take place at the very beginning of the video and will just be establishing who our artist is, at this location our artist will be thanking a cab driver and tapping in his oyster card so that he can get through to the train. The location could be an issue when filming because we may get there at the wrong time and it might be rush hour so people could get in the way of filming, also finding a cab driver might also be an issue to wait for us to film a scene with him included. One health and safety risk that could arise is that cars are always coming in and out of the station so we need to be careful when we're filming the short scene outside, however as stated before, it is a short scene so we won't need too much time outside. Weather could be a bit of a problem when filming outside the entrance of the station but it can be overcome by frequently checking weather forecasts so that no rain disrupts filming or film another scene quickly before that and maybe the weather is okay but if it hasn't then we could use one of our jackets to cover the equipment so that it doesn't get damaged while filming.

Another location that we want to film at is liverpool street station, this station is used as a direct contrast from our artists first station as it's much busier as the other station, this shows how his life could be changing as he's moved on from his old life to a new one, the location is trying to convey how he desires to become famous in the music industry. This may also be a very short location being used as will head more into the city bit after this shot, but we hope to get a few shots just showing how busy the station is, showing that life in the city is fast compared to where our artist came from. For the scene to show that it's very busy, we can't film anything specific involving our artist in the train station because it's so busy and lots of people will get in the frame of the shot so it would be quite tricky. The only health and safety issues I can think of filming here is just people tripping over the equipment after we set it all up, to overcome this i think that our group should be standing around the camera so people then know we are filming and people will just have to try and get past us without worrying about the camera or the equipment. The weather won't be a problem as the station itself has a roof so the rain won't effect it much, however if there are a lot of clouds it may play with the lighting but not too much. This other filming location will be used because me and my group have decided to show the artist in a new area so that it will relate to the lyrics therefore the audience can see a connection between them, the lyrics are "I got out, i'm alive but now i'm here to stay" meaning he's gone from his hometown to another place in order to make it into the industry.

The next location is outside of liverpool street station and actually on the streets, we will be filming our artist here a lot more than we were inside the station. What we plan to do is have most of the narrative transpire on the streets, firstly we want to use a time lapse while our artist plays the guitar on the streets as people walk past him, showing how unsuccessful he is in the city, we want to film other normal mid shots of him just performing the song because this can be used later if we don't fill the song time limit with different shots. There aren't many limitations i can see but one problem that could arise is that people walking past might ruin the shot for the time lapse and get in front of the camera so this may be somewhat of a problem when we go there to film. Health and safety risks are the same as before which is that people might trip over equipment but cars are again a bit of an issue so we would need to take both of these things into account when filming and be very careful while filming. Weather is the biggest issue for this location because if it's too sunny or bright it won't give off the right mood that our video is going for and it could also rain which would again be massive issue because it could ruin the mood of the video if it begins to rain, however to overcome this issue me and my group could either cover up any equipment with coats or frequently check forecasts so that we don't get caught out.

The first use of iconography that will be present within the video straight away is the guitar of the artist that he'll be using later on in the video, the artist will first have it inside a guitar case on his back when he gets to the city he'll start to play it on the streets to try and earn some money for his efforts at trying to become famous. The reason why our group decided to use the guitar in the video is because the target audience for our artist will build up more of a relationship with him because they will eventually respect the artist because he can play the guitar, this makes it easier for the audience to relate to the artist because the guitar shows his shear talent and that this is why he went to the city, to make music. Having the guitar present in the video does link in with the song because it shows the audience how he wants to get out, he wants to get out of his old neighborhood and become famous by performing his favourite songs. This creates a relationship between the narrative style as it clearly shows this is the object that will hopefully save our artist from homelessness and make him famous so he can make money.

The next use of iconography in the video that i'll be talking about is the key which will be present right at the end of the video when the artist tries to go back home as he's had unsuccessful results in the city. The key is about to go into the lock until the artist finds out the locks been changed which further emphasizes that the artist tried to start again in the city because he wanted to get famous in the music industry, this is conventional as it conveys a dark subtext in the video, some people are just unlucky and if you're on your own in the world, you probably won't make it. There isn't a link at all at this point of the video between the lyrics in fact they both clearly juxtapose each other by the end, this is too further expand on the concept of the song that you need to know someone to get into the industry as our artist was on his own throughout the whole song. As stated before the visuals in this scene relates to the concept of the video which is that our artist is completely alone and that won't help him becoming famous because he has no one there for him if it doesn't work out at all.

The final use of iconography is the money basket for our artist while he's playing the song outside the station for any money whatsoever but more importantly to get noticed by someone that can help him, the basket will have to remain empty throughout the video to show how unsuccessful he was in the city. The basket shows our audience that he's trying to get into the industry but is having a lot of difficulty doing so, some audiences may relate to this because it shows how driven he is for his dreams like a lot of people are in the world. This is conventional as this where the concept of the video comes across, it shows that he is all alone and will soon be completely broke with nowhere to go but home therefore it shows that he's unsuccessful and couldn't make his dream come true. It doesn't necessary link in with the lyrics but the reason we did this was to show a clear contrast with another more successful character later on in the video. The money bucket also relates more to the concept of the video and shows that no matter how much some people try and make their dreams come true, it sometimes never works out that way.

Planning artist image - Miss Georgiou

The artists image within a music video is very important because different audiences can relate to how the artist looks and what he wears, we need to make our artist relatable towards our target audience so that people will like him and buy his albums etc. The artists image is very important because what he wears will suggest the type of genre of music he's aiming for. Finally, the image is essential to plan because it could convey a hidden meaning in the video, if someone was wearing bright clothing in a video, you would assume it's summer or that the artist comes across very colourful towards the audience.

The first element of our artists image I want to discuss is the costume of the artist and what we have all agreed on what we want him to wear. The artist in the music video should be wearing dark clothes either black or dark grey throughout the entirety of the video. The costume will remain the same throughout the video to show that the narrative is taking place in a single day and to show the artist hasn't returned home nor has he found a place to stay in London. The costume is conventional to our artist because the audience will be able to relate to him more and other indie artist commonly wear black clothing. The representation of our artist is that he is quite dark and serious in the video which indie audiences find interesting and watch the video for the dark subject matters addressed by the artist in the video. The costume mirrors our style of video as the concept of the video will be to show that it's very hard to get into the music industry all by yourself and that running away from your home could lead to devastating results, these are dark subject matters and our artist will be wearing dark clothing to further hint at the dark messages, this relates to the lyrics of the song as it talks about dark subject matters like there is a lyric saying "He's with my momma they're yelling and fighting" which further illustrates the idea of the dark subject matter at this lyric refers to .

The next element of the artist i would like to discuss is the hair that artist will have and how the hair will benefit when making the video. Firstly we want the artist to have clean and well groomed hair, however, as the video progresses it becomes less clean and more scruffy and dirty to show that he doesn't have a home or a shower or anything to help him. The hair we've decided to implement for our artist in the video will be conventional to the indie genre because most indie artist tend to have scruffy hair, this could be because they don't see it as a particular important element of being a successful but more the music, however as we're using a narrative, it's necessary that the artists' hair slowly becomes more and more scruffy as it follows the narrative of the video. This will present our artist in poor way as the video shows he doesn't have a home or a job in the city but is trying desperately to get fame there, so he looks unsuccessful at this point in the video. The hair will help with the style of video because the narrative and concept will mirror our artists hair style, the scruffy hair he has by the end shows that he was unsuccessful at getting into the industry and that even though he was so urged to try he couldn't do it showing how hard it is to become successful, the lyrics contrast with this idea because towards the end of the song, the lyrics are "hey, hey it's fine I left it behind", the reason why I chose to juxtapose the lyric with the artist's hair is to show that the artist hasn't managed to make it into the industry yet, which shows that this song is a story that could have happened to the artists when he wasn't that famous.

The final point I will be discussing is the make up that artist should have and what our group have decided to do. We feel it isn't necessary to have the artist covered with make up but if we needed to use any, we could use some make up that made the artist look even more dirty than he was at the beginning of the video. I would say that this isn't conventional to the indie genre because artists normally don't wear any in the music videos for indie songs but it would show the audience the artist is trying very hard to become famous by going place to place to hopefully get a job or something to help him. This will make the artist come across as dedicated as he is trying so hard to become famous that he's living on the streets playing the guitar hoping that he can get noticed by the right person, it may make him across in a way desperate as well. This representation mirrors the style of the music video as we are trying to get across how hard it is to get into the industry on your own, it also mirrors the narrative because the video is showing his decent into homelessness as he has no money to pay for himself.

In conclusion, our target audience will be able to build a relationship with the artist as he's doing what anyone does which is fight for their own dreams, he has just taken it too far to a point where he is forced to go back when he tried to get out and make it in the city. They will also build a relationship with our artist because he appeals to the audience, the hair and the costume are both key elements when the artist is trying to be relatable towards the audience.

Planning Cinematography - Miss Georgiou

Cinematography is essential to music videos as cinematography means all the different camera angles, techniques and positions that you film for a music video or any video format. Cinematography is so important because if we didn't have cinematography techniques to create meaning then most videos wouldn't have a concept, there wouldn't even be much thought process behind the videos that are made in the music industry. I'll be discussing some camera techniques that my group and i want to use for the music video we will be creating or some shots we plan to use when creating the music video.

In our video, we want to use and implement several shots into our music video, one of these techniques is called an over the shoulder shot, this is when the camera is positioned so it is looking over the shoulder of someone of importance but shows what the person is looking at. The reason why we want to use this shot is because it will be from the perspective (over the shoulder) of our artist looking at someone more successful than himself. The shot is conventional to the genre because the technique shows that our artist wants to be big in the music industry, and that he aspires to be famous so he can get out of the predicament that he has found himself in. The shot is trying to convey that our artist wants to try and make it in the indie music industry and aspires to be like the successful man he saw because that's why he left the flat he use to stay at. The camera shot is supposed to represent a style of a concept in the video because it's showing that it's very hard for someone to get famous even if they really want to, in a way the shot does match the lyrics because the song is meant to be for the more successful man our artist sees as he got out and became famous, but our artist tried to do what he did but it didn't work for him, so the song is trying to show the contrast between the two characters. The camera technique is also related to the lyrics of the song because the song is a personal story of my artist, lyrics like "Been down some dark alleys in my own head" show that it's from the perspective of my artist and the over the shoulder shot can show my artists perspective in a scene as it show his viewpoint.

The next shot we want to try and create in our piece is a shallow focus, this technique is when everything but the certain part of the frame is clear but the rest is blurred/unfocused
, this is so that the audience know where to focus when watching the video, this is why we want to use but to also show that our artist is all alone because you can't clearly see anyone around him. The shot is conventional to the genre as indie music videos often try to convey a hidden meaning throughout the video using a wide variety of camera shots, we're trying to convey that he is alone which can be classified as a dark subject matter to deal with, dark subject matters are quite common in indie music videos so we wanted to implement that. The camera technique reflects the lyrics quite well as the songs lyrics are very personal to the artist the shallow focus is to emphasize how alone he is and that all video needs to focus on is just him. This is because the lyrics are all personal to the artist that is singing the song, the shot would demonstrate an understanding of the lyrics of the song as it would show he left his old life behind him and that he is now being ignored, the lyric that relates to the shot would be "hey, hey it's fine, I left it behind".

Another shot that I would like to try and create for our music video is the point of view shot, this is when the camera shows exactly what someone of interest is seeing in the shot, which is used to show what the artist is looking at as well as to make the audience feel as of they are there with him. We want to create this shot
because it will make it again feel more personal from the artist to the audience but it will also emphasize how different he is from the successful man he sees later in the video. The shot is conventional to the indie genre because it shows what the artist aspires to be in life which is to become successful in the music industry and wants to get out of the lifestyle he's currently in. The camera shot presents our artist as unsuccessful in the music industry because the audience immediately assume that this man is much more famous as he has better clothing, is popular etc. but our artist doesn't have any of those distinct qualities which shows he isn't famous in the music industry. The shot represents the concept of the video, that it's hard to become successful in this industry even if you give up everything for it however it also reflects the lyrics as the song talks about how he got out of his old life or town he used to live in, the successful man our artist sees reflects these lyrics in the song "i got out, i got out" suggesting that the successful man got out of his situation and that he reflects the lyrics of the song better than our artist.

An additional shot we want to try and implement in our video is a two shot, this is when the camera focus on two key characters in the frame, they may be having a conversation or just doing something in the same shot. We want to use this shot to show the authenticity of the video as we w
ant to try and get a cab driver for this scene to show that we've gone the extra mile to make this video good by including extra characters to make it more authentic, it also shows the two characters in the same shot as each other. The shot is conventional to the genre because it shows that our artist wants to leave and is about to start a long journey to his own success, which later the audience find he doesn't achieve. The shot represents our artist as a down to earth person as he's talking to a cab driver, this presents him as a nice person which makes the audience relate to him, but it also shows that he's leaving his old life behind him to try and become famous. The shot also begins the narrative of the video, this is where he first leaves his home behind to try and make it, however we decided that this would be a short scene before the lyrics start just to show the audience that the artist is a likable person. The scene can relate to the lyrics as well, because he is getting in a cab it indicates he is leaving, the lyrics that are similar to the context of the shot are "so I kissed goodbye to every little ounce of pain" this demonstrates my understanding of the song and a shot in relation to those lyrics.

The final camera technique that our group want to try and create in the video is a long shot, this is where the audience see the character at a distance so that they can see a lot of the background behind them, the background is usually important as there is a reason why they would use a long shot instead of a mid shot where the character is closer to the camera. our group wanted to use this for a scene where our artist near the end of the video is running away from a cab he didn't pay so he could get home, we want to use the technique because it would show that our artist is alone and scared, it would also show that he is alone as we want to do this at a late time so that not many people are around. The shot is conventional to the genre as the shot will include a darker subtext behind the camera shot that our artist is alone during his lowest point and need some sort of help from someone, but also emphasizes the struggles he's been facing in his career. The shot will represent our artist in an unsuccessful manor as he had to skip paying a cab driver for the journey but will also present him as someone that fights for their dreams to become a reality as he still wants to be successful in the music industry. This shot will further back up the concept that's very hard to get into the music industry on your own or without knowing someone and the lyrics will be a complete contrast as this will be where the song says "Hey, Hey it's fine" showing an obvious juxtaposition between our artist and the lyrics.

The target audience will be able to build a relationship between the artist through the camera shots as they will sympathize for him as he's going through very hard life struggles as he has no money and left home to try and pursue his dream. The target audience will also relate to the artist as they understand how hard it is to achieve your dreams even if you really want to succeed. Some audiences will even understand how hard it is to live when you're unemployed like our artist in the video as you can see the artist doesn't have any money nor does he have a job and is completely alone in the city.

Research into record labels - Miss Georgiou

Record labels are the companies that artists rely on to market their music to widen audiences and to get them more popular, they also handle all of the distribution behind the artists work and enforce the copyrights of an artists songs, so they market the videos that artist may have as well as the albums they may have just released. Some mainstream record labels are so big they own smaller record labels so they can widen the amount of popular artists they have rights over, they have contracts from the manager and the artist which may entitle they have do certain things to keep a certain image that makes the artist very popular. The definition of major record labels is large companies within the industry that may own smaller record labels.

In the UK there are three dominant major record label companies, these are Universal Music Group (UMG), Sony Music Entertainment (SME) and Warner Music Group (WMG). UMG have managed a lot of popular bands like the beatles and the rolling stones over the years, the most popular people they manage currently are Justin Bieber, Nicky Minaj, Iggy Azalea, Lorde, Katy Perry and Kendrick Lamar are just a few examples of who they manage. SME have managed some big names as well and these people have been considered to change the music industry entirely, these include Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Van Morrisen and Whitney Houston. WMG owns a company called Warner/Chappell that are responsible for producing such artists like Radiohead, Beyonce, Red hot chili peppers and Madonna just to name a few artists that they manage and have contracts with.

UMG owns various different other smaller record labels so that they can get more artists under their name and to have the rights to their music so they can earn more money from audiences, UMG owns subsidiary record labels like def jam records known for Rick Ross and Kanye West, interscope records known for eminem, madonna and Tupac Shakur. SME own other smaller record labels as well, these record labels include Columbia records known for signing on J. Cole, Calvin Harris and Duft punk and another smaller record label they own are called Epic Records that have made some artists like Michael Jackson and Celine Dion. Lastly WMG are known for controlling some record labels that are know as Parlophone that have signed Coldplay, Radiohead and Blur as well as the record label that was mentioned before is Warner/Chappel.

Independent record labels aren't as successful as parent ones usually but some of these record labels have followings based on some of the artists they have made before. The first independent label i'll be looking at is "Beggars Banquet", founded in 1973 by Martin Mills and Nick Austin, began as a chain of shops owned by the two founders and is part of the Beggars Group label or their parent company if you will. The founders decided, during the UK's punk rock movement, to start the independent record label from their shop name and start producing artists for it, on of the most famous artists they produced was a band called "The Charlatans" but their first band were called "The Lurkers". Another independent record label is "Audio Antihero" which was founded in 2009 by a man named Jamie Hallday. The record label produces a different range of genres and music including indie so this record label is relevant to our artist, most of the artists the company have produced are not well known artists but some of the artists include Nosferatu D2 and Jack Halladay.

In conclusion, I personally don't think it is right for only 3 companies to dominate the music industry for several reasons, one is that they can make whoever they want famous and popular as they know how to market the songs the artists make towards audiences and make them instantly popular, i also feel it doesn't give much opportunity for upcoming artists as they will only be contracted by the label if they are already achieving a massive fanbase or if they meet follow certain trends audiences seem to be taking part in. The effect this has on the industry is that certain artists may seem a bit samey and certain artists may have a similar sound to each other showing the industry doesn't have too much originality anymore and some labels are not willing to take risks that may not profitable for them as they need artists that will make them profit. In short, the only way to become very famous for mainstream record labels is to be a pop singer which is shown to be the most popular genre amongst audiences. Independent labels are not as successful in my opinion and the reason for this opinion is because popularity is measured differently, millions of people love the artists parent record labels have contracted and they don't seem to be losing popularity at all, instead they keep attracting more audiences. Independent labels offer artists that chance to make it in the industry, they are given a chance to try make it a bit more honestly than appealing to current trends like the more popular artists do to widen their fan base, they're given a chance to work up their following first so that maybe they can make it successfully into the industry. For example an artist that isn't that successful, as mentioned earlier, "Jack Halladay" has to rely on his youtube fan base as mainstream record labels won't recognise this person as profitable however independent record labels will nurture these artists to make a success out of their music career and will encourage them often to write more music and will shape them so that audiences can buy as much as they can that the artist has created. Mainstream record labels only need an artist for their profit as they know how to market the artists towards audiences which is to follow a specific genre that is becoming increasingly popular towards audiences. The industry then becomes re-hashed music because the music style isn't seeing much variation in the songs these record labels produce, they stay comfortable in the pop genre as it gets them more money. Independent record labels aren't as successful as mainstream record labels, the reason i think this is because mainstream record labels have a lot more artists that constantly make the same genre of music but the sales of albums, singles, tour tickets are enormous, however independent companies don't have this sort of money nor the resources to make sure artists can achieve this, so this is why independent companies are often not as successful. Independent record labels offer artists a chance to make it into the industry and to keep making music for their fans, independent record labels also nurture theses artists in the hopes that they will offer something that audiences will appreciate for it being different.

Target audience results - Miss Miller

Our group was tasked with carrying out research to help identify who our target audience are for the genre of music we've planned to make a video for. We were told to ask 40 people for their honest opinions on the genre that we've chosen to do and to create our own questionnaire that would be appropriate for our target audience, 40 people would be enough for our group to get an estimate of the audience that our video would appeal to. The results that our group got from the questionnaire will effect the video we create as we want our video to be appealing to our audience, if the majority had said that they prefer a narrative style than a concept, then it would have to be our responsibility to make a narrative style music video for our audience.

This pie chart shows us the most popular age group we asked to complete the questionnaire with their honest opinions included in the answer, the chart does tell us that the audience that indie appeal to is the older generation of 23+, but is also shows that it appeals to the audience as they grow up as each different group gets bigger as the audience get older. What my group will take on board for this information is that we may need to appeal to older audiences as they may relate to the video and the lyrics of the song easier than those that are not of the age to understand the lyrical content of the song, e.g. the video for the song will have to be adult themed and surround a subject matter that may not be understandable for young audiences, this could be something like drug taking as adults have more commonly experimented growing up and know what it's like but in our video i would say running away from home is quite and adult themed subject.


This chart shows the most popular gender we asked to complete our questionnaire, the chart clearly shows we asked both male and females but males were more popular candidates to ask the questions for as there tend to be more male fans of the indie genre than females. What my group will have to take from these results is that the audience is mainly comprised of male fans so we need to include certain elements in the video that males will relate to as they will begin to like the video and respect the artist because of the video. One example that we will use in our video that will make it easier for males to relate to is a male artist throughout the video as the male audience will relate to the artists choices and the situations he finds himself in easier as they can better see themselves in those situations.


This is one of the most important questions we had to ask because it would let us know if the majority of audiences are even indie fans or fans of the indie genre, the chart shows us that the majority of people of people we asked for opinions in the questionnaire are actually indie fans which shows us that we're actually aiming at the right audience. Our group originally planned to have indie music video so the results from this question hasn't changed much about our idea, however it has made me realize that not everyone is a fan of the indie genre so not everyone will relate to or understand the video and the messages that we are trying to convey, this is important and we may need to find some way of appealing to other audiences as well as indie fans that we are already trying to appeal to.



This chart shows the results from the question whether the audience prefers group acts or single acts of the indie genre, the results show that more people preferred group acts rather than solo acts in the indie genre. This can be quite worrying for us as our group have decided to go with a solo indie artist but we can take something from these results, it shows that solo indie artists aren't quite as popular as group acts but it does show that artists can try and change this by appealing to wider audiences and by following what audiences want from the questionnaire, so it shows that we can change this if we try to appeal to the audiences needs for an indie video.





The next chart shows the results for the question involving the audiences favourite indie performances, the results do show that bands are more popular but Jake Bugg had been said more than the others as he is an indie act. This is more encouraging as it shows that we're trying to appeal to them already, this is because our group have decided to do a video for one of Jake Bugg's songs so this chart shows that we are appealing to our audience as well as and indie audience as we are doing a song Jake Bugg has performed so his fans will relate to the video as they already like Jake Bugg, we will continue on with making a video for this song as the results show it will be popular amongst audiences.


This chart shows what the audience would prefer to see in terms of editing techniques in our music video production. This chart shows that the most popular form of editing that can be used for our video are jump cuts. What we can take from this is that we need to include a lot of jump cuts in the video, this means that we will need several different locations to cut to for the artist, the good thing about this is that most videos have a lot of edits in them so this won't be too different from other videos, plus our group have planned to include many different locations throughout the video that we can cut to to show the artist trying to find his way out of the life he lives, e.g. we will show him trying to become famous even though he lives on the streets and that he aims to live normally again.

This chart shows whether the audience has seen an indie performance live and their opinions of what they thought of it. The chart shows that some audience members haven't actually seen any indie artists live but if their opinions on seeing them live changes, it is instead whether they want to see any indie artists perform live. The majority answered with positive responses saying that they have been and thought it was good as well as those who haven't been but would like to go and see an indie performance, in fact there is only a small number of people who didn't like it or wouldn't like to see one, these results are important as they show how popular indie artists are, clearly they're in good and high demand as people want to see them in person. This is something we will have to take into account as it shows that audiences would like another indie artist in the mainstream to talk about and that the artist will be popular among audiences.


The chart here shows the conventions indie audiences would expect to see in the videos of indie songs and we can see the most popular response was relatable characters in indie music videos. What my group can take from this is that we need to make characters in the video that the audience would find easier to relate to and picture themselves as, this will be implemented through our artist as he will try and achieve fame throughout the video only to come out empty handed by the end, I believe that people will relate to this character as they will probably understand that it's very hard to become famous no matter how hard you try.





This chart shows the style of music video our target audience prefers when watching an indie music video. Audiences said that the style they prefer the most is the narrative of the video as you can see in the chart to the right that is the most popular style of the three. What we will take on board for planning and making our video is that we need to emphasize the importance of the narrative in the video as this will appeal to our target audience and will make the music video more memorable to them. We've made a start at the narrative as our video is going to be about an artist who leaves home so that he can try and pursue his career in the music industry, we will also have a concept that it isn't easy getting into any sort of industry and you can't just make it happen, this will be effective in our video as people will respect the message of the video we're trying to convey.

This is the last chart but it's for the question about the audiences opinion of the artist Jake Bugg in general, this can be what they think of his music or his music videos. The most popular response to this question was that our target audience find him to be "Amazing" which can be clearly seen in the chart. This is something we have already made a start on as we have decided to do a music video to one of his songs so this shows we are appealing to our target audience already which is a very good indication. We have decided as a group to use Bugg's song "Two Fingers" and to make a music video for it, there is already one that has been made but we wanted to make another one regardless as we think it's still open for exploring the lyrics to the song.


The theory that i would use to associate and apply to my questionnaire and music video is the Grant McCracken theory which states that the post modern world is full of diversity and creativity, and that if we looked at all the values of every sub culture then we couldn't say that all sub-cultures come from one culture, which basically means that you cannot say there is one dominant culture over the rest, all cultures in the music industry are so widely varied that every sub-culture has parts of over cultures in them, all sub-cultures are diverse which is what we saw with the questionnaire results in this post. Every result was varied from the questionnaire of the 40 people we all asked and they were all associated or associated themselves with cultures before we asked them the questions which further shows how varied cultures are in the music industry.

Vox pops are video responses of the questionnaire that we gave to our target audience, this is to further emphasize how varied the different members of our audience were. The vox pops were also proof that we've asked 40 people for their opinions and to show that we were going to different people and asking them for their opinions on the indie music genre. The vox pops were beneficial to our investigation as it would help us better understand our audience and the people were aiming our video at.

In conclusion, I found that this research was beneficial to me and my group as when it comes to making our music video we will know what our target audience are looking for and we'll know how to make our video appeal to them, it was also very helpful as it gives us a better understanding of our target audience and what they would like in the video. I will try to incorporate many different elements into our video that the audience may find more appealing, one example of this could be that we'll make it more narrative based as most people we asked would have preferred that in our video so it would make much more sense to try to appeal to as much as our target audience as we can manage. If I had to do something differently when carrying out this research it would have to be to try and make sure that all the people we asked were indie music fans because those that weren't fans probably wouldn't have understood the questions, also i found that those who listened to music instead of watching the music videos had a tough time answering questions as they were video based, so i if i could do anything differently it would probably be to let them see a video beforehand so they may have understood the questions.

Music video inspirations - Miss Georgiou

Inspirations are very important to consider when planning a music video because inspirations can help you when filming as it can give you ideas when it comes to directing a video. Inspirations are very important to consider before filming a video because it allows you to go back and watch those videos that have inspired you and take inspirations from those videos that you liked or thought were effective in the video. 5 music videos have had a great impact on how I will be doing the videos, this is good because with 5 different videos means there are many different inspirations from each video that i can use in my production. The 5 music videos will also encourage me to use specific elements from each so that it demonstrates my full understanding of how to create a music video.

Music video 1 - 3005 Childish Gambino. The inspiration that me and my group will try to implement within our video is the artist illustrating a performance based music video by singing to the audience through the use of cinematography, more specifically a mid shot. This style and use of cinematography that me and my group plan to take on board from this video is the music artist is seen several times just performing the song towards the audience through the use of a mid shot, this emphasises a more personal tone to the music video as the use of cinematography portrays that the audience are sitting down and listening to Gambino's story almost as if they were friends in the video. Me and my group aim to use this camera technique as well as the performance style of music video in our music video to show the personal side to our artist, it will also show the audience what the artist is going through as we plan to use this shot when the artist has gone to central London and has gone completely to plan as he sings desperately for fame as well as money.

Music video 2 - Hardest button to button by the White Stripes. The inspiration me and my group took from this music video is that the artists are performing around a city location as well as the artists going through the train station at one point in the video. Just to further emphasise the inspiration me and my group will be taking, the video features the artists going to various locations playing their instruments with various different uses of camera angles and techniques. Me and my group will be implementing this into our own video as our artist will go up to liverpool street and perform as various locations and he will get there via train. This video has shaped our narrative but has also provided us with many conventions of the genre that me and my group plan to use, we want to go to a city like area where our artist will play the guitar, this has shaped our narrative because the narrative follows the artist as he leaves his home in order to achieve fame in the city by trying to play the guitar to get noticed.


Music Video 3 - Trouble Town by Jake Bugg. The inspiration that me and my group plan to take from this music video and produce into our own music video are the mid shots when the artist is planning. In the video Trouble town, there some mid shots of Jake Bugg performing on the streets, however he is performing the song that is being played in the video as well. Me and my group plan to produce this in our own video abut one of Jake Bugg's songs "Two Fingers" which will feature our artists playing the guitar and singing the song from various camera angles. The reason why we want to take this inspiration is because our artists will be busking around liverpool street and other locations to get money and fame in the music industry, it will also achieve indie music conventions as the artists in that particular genre are always seen playing the guitar to the camera to show their talent to the audience.

Music video 4 - I Got U by Duke Duemont. Me and my group plan to create a video using specific camera techniques, one of these techniques is called a point of view shot, this is when a certain character's view is being put into perspective as the camera shows what the character is seeing, almost like the camera is the eyes of someone. Me and my group plan to use this technique several times when the artist taps his oyster card in the train station as well as when the artist is on the train as it will give a more personal tone about the song in relation to the artist. Me and my group also feel to use many different camera techniques and variations because it will make the music video more interesting and appealing to audiences, the point of view shot will achieve this as well as a relationship between the artist and the audiences. Me and my group will be using this type of cinematography technique when my artist is on the train to show his thoughts and where he is looking, the idea is to show that he's nervous and that's why the point of view shots will be shaky.


Music video 5 - She Knows by J. Cole. An inspiration that me and my group plan to use form this video and replicate into our own is the narrative style video. In this video, it follows two friends doing various different illegal things before one boy goes home and finds that his mum has been cheating on the sons dad with another man, me and my group like this narrative style format for a video and made our own one, The narrative we made involves our artist going to london in order to get famous, while he was there he didn't make any money, got mugged, laughed at and saw someone who he aspires to be, he goes back home and when he gets there he finds that they've changed the locks so he cannot get inside. Me and my group liked this narrative because it conveys that this is something the artist had to actually overcome when he first started making his music, we also liked the narrative because it gives us a lot of opportunities to create different visuals and angles and it will keep the audience engaged throughout the video. Me and my group aim to use this music video style throughout our own music video as it captures the audiences attention, we will do this buy the video following the day of an artist trying to make it big but ultimately is laughed at and mugged pushing him to point where he has to go back home where he finds his old life has moved on.

Research into chosen artist - Miss Georgiou

Jake Bugg falls under the criteria of an indie artist, indie was the genre decision that our group decided to do our video on because indie was a genre we all thought would be a good idea for filming as it wouldn't be hard to get locations as indie videos commonly film in urbanised areas. The reasoning we picked Jake Bugg was because he is a solo artist though there are others who play the drums for him, but because he is a solo artist, we would only need one person to be our artist and we would only need the person to be confident for the video.

Jake Bugg first started to play the guitar at the age of 12 when his uncle bought him one, this then later lead to going to Farnborough college in Clifton Nottingham which is where he grew up. Bugg dropped out of college at 16 and began to write and perform his own songs. Bugg had many influences for music including the Beatles, Johnny Cash and even Jimi Hendrix. Bugg first appeared in the mainstream when BBC asked him to perform at their "Introducing" stage at Glastonbury 2011 at the age of 17 which then got him a signed contract to "mercury records". Bugg's first self-named album came out 2012 and the album reached number one in the UK charts, the album has sold over 600,000 copies in the UK.

The first video i'll be referring to is Jake Bugg's video for a song in his debut album "Broken". The video is about Jake Bugg singing the song to a bunch of people in a bar in what the audience assume is America due to the singers on just before him having American accents. Dyer's star theory does come in to play into this video as Bugg appears to be ordinary yet extraordinary for the consumer, for example, he plays at open mic night in America, this shows he is ordinary as it is just a representation of him starting up as a musician and a lot of musicians start this way as it is easy to get a gig at an open mic night. However the artist comes across as extraordinary as people become silent while listening to his music, Bugg even manages to get people to start watching him perform his song as the majority are almost in awe, one woman is nearly in tears by the end of the song further implying that his music is so good that people stop worrying and fighting and just listen instead of ignoring, this then makes the audience feel more inclined to listen to Bugg's music as the video clearly suggests that it's good music to listen to rather than ignore. The other paradox needed to be covered is that the star/artist must simultaneously present and absent for the consumer, this was made a year after Bugg's first album was released, this clearly proves the paradox of the star theory as he has probably been doing gigs and other events after the first albums release that shows he has been present for his audience, however after the initial hype and buzz that surrounded the release of his first album, it probably died down a bit and Bugg may not have been doing many events as before so he made this video to further show his presence however he was absent for a while before the music video to this song. Goodwin's theory is implemented throughout this song, firstly it demonstrates genre characteristics very well, the video is primarily performance based which is a genre characteristic, it shows that the artist can play an instrument which is what some indie fans really value as it demonstrates the skill in their craft, they relate to the artist as most indie fans try to learn an instrument to have it as a skill but learn it's much harder, this therefore leads to the audience respecting Jake Bugg more as a talented artist. The next use of the theory is that there is frequent close ups of the artist in the video and there is a motif that is clear in some of his other videos, he is commonly seen in many of his videos with an acoustic guitar or guitar case that he is holding, this is to further emphasize the fact he is talented as he carries a guitar with him all the time, always performing his songs that lots people want to hear, shows he is a good musician because of the guitar.

The artist is represented in a particular way, in the video a lot of people find comfort with the song and start to dance, however some people it brings up some strong emotions, for one there is an old man who keeps drinking from a shot glass who looks down, someone tries to comfort him and just shrugs him away so he can keep listening to the music, this shows the songs Jake Bugg makes are very powerful and can bring out all sorts of emotions when the audience listen to his songs. The target audience i would say is a big range due to the people in the video yet an adult audience as well so I would say it's appealing to a 17-40 year old indie fans. The style of video primarily performance based, there isn't much for the narrative as there are many different people the video follows but their stories are left ambiguous so it can't be narrative, a concept for the video could be that people need to just listen to music and that people need to set aside their worries and feuds when doing so otherwise no enjoyment can come of it.

Iconography is used quite a lot in the video, firstly with the instrument that makes people listen to the music which is Jake Bugg's guitar, and the old mans drinking glass as he is always looking and holding the glass while listening to the music, the glass could suggest that the old man is trying to overcome something in his own life and that the song is helping him in a way or that his past has damaged him which relates to the lyrics "I'm broken". The lighting is low key throughout the video in this particular bar, this could represent every story in the bar has a darker story to it or a representation of the dark nature and themes of the song itself, however there is back lighting being pointed towards Bugg, meaning he's the hope that these people need for music as they begin to listen to the song. The facial expressions on the faces of people in the bar are very strong and realistic, an example of this is when the camera cuts to the waitress nearly in tears listening to Bugg at the very end of the video, the implied meaning of the facial expression could mean that Bugg is very good to the point that audiences will cry because he is that good, however it could rather imply that the song has effected her life in such a way that she is crying because she relates to it. The costume that Bugg is wearing is a black leather jacket with black trousers. The purpose of the outfit is to show that the artist is dark or that the messages or themes behind the songs or it could show the artists darker side in his songs as broken is a very slow and almost depressing sounding song from the artist, one example of the song being depressing in terms of lyrics is in the 3rd verse "All i lost and hoped for" which is most likely talking about a girl or someone he once loved, the audience can relate to this because the artist comes across much more serious in terms of music.

The cinematography is done in a way to make the audience feel as if they're at the bar with him watching him perform, there a lot of panning movements during the video like the shot showing the two men who are about to fight outside the bar, this makes it feel like the audience are looking around at all the different people in the bar, this helps the audience relate to the video and makes them remember it for longer. The shot illustrates a connection between the music and the visuals because as the two men begin t push and shove the music gets much louder to connect the two together. Close ups are also used frequently in the video for several people in the bar for example the old man who is sitting on the bar stool drinking, this feels as though it is personal to them as well as the audience because the camera has been deliberately put there to feel as though the audience are talking to these people at the bar, the close ups also imply a very intimate relationship between the people and the music which could relate to the songs lyrics being about a sort of love story, lyrics like "I'll wait here for you" emphasize this.


The next song I will be talking about is Bugg's video for the song "Trouble town". The video consists of Jake Bugg with his old friends and recording something with an old fashioned camera and the stuff they get up to while Jake Bugg also sings in an alleyway presumable in the same area. Dyer's star theory comes into play here because Bugg is again extraordinary whilst being ordinary, for example, the audience see Bugg playing with his friend's with the new camera that they've got and are amused by it, this is ordinary as this is what people do when they get something like a camera, they use it a lot when they first get it, however it's extraordinary because Bugg wants to get out of this life, the video is performance based as well so the lyrics have some effect in this song, it's clear Bugg wants to leave because of the chorus lyric "Stuck in speed bump city Where the only thing that's pretty Is the thought of getting out", this shows the audience that he enjoys life with his friends but lives in a very poor and rough area so Bugg wants to try and leave. The next paradox which is that Bugg is present whilst being absent for the consumer is also evident here as this was before the first album so he was present here but simultaneously absent as music videos can only go so far, this proves the theory as he is trying to be present to his audience but he is also absent. Goodwin's theory is also proven here as well, the demands of the record label are met again and a motif mentioned before is still here and that is that the audience see Bugg playing the guitar and holding the case it comes with, this makes it easier for the audience to relate to his videos as they know it's him because he'll always have that guitar with him in the video. The other element of Goodwin's theory implemented in the video is that there is a relationship between the lyrics and the visuals, this is can be clearly observed as in several shots the audience can rubbish all over the place, portrays that the area isn't looked after and that people don't really care about it, they've almost been forgotten in this area, this ties in with the lyrics "somewhere there's a secret road to take me far away i know" which suggests that Bugg knew this and always wanted to get out of Nottingham because it's such a poor area and forgotten.

Bugg is represented differently than before apart from one element, the guitar is again seen to show he is talented with a guitar but it also shows the guitar is the way he'll get out of Nottingham, he takes it with him when he walks away from the block of flats he was hanging with his mates around, as this is his way of making a living in this world. The target audience would be those around the ages of 16-25 as he talks about the area he grew up in and that leaving it is the best thing to do so it would appeal to this sort of age range. The video is primarily a performance based video style as the audience see Bugg several times playing the guitar as well as singing the lyrics of the song which shows it is performance based. The video is concept based as well because it tries to get across that leaving this area he lives in is a good thing to do as it will help him live a good life in a better area. The mise-en-scene is used effectively again, as said before, iconography is used to show how forgotten the area is and perfectly sums up the kind of area it is as no one seems to care about the rubbish all over when Bugg plays his guitar standing on a wall. The lighting is high key throughout and colour throughout the video is quite bright this could be to suggest that this is best hope Bugg has if he leaves this area and starts anew is the way he should be going, this could be due to the songs messages clearly stating that he wants to get out of the town that he lives in "the only thing that's pretty is the thought of getting out" is a lyric in the video which relates to the town he is currently living in and how he wants to get out. 

The facial expressions of Bugg leaving show he is sad or serious meaning that the decision to leave the town was a hard choice but he did it ultimately because it was a bad area like the lyrics suggest "Hear the sirens down the street the kids get light on their feet or they'll be in the back seat". The lyric portrays that kids commit crimes regularly in the town and are often being chased by the police which conveyed by "Sirens", the lyrics and expressions shows the tone of the song and video is supposed to serious so the audience can find it more realistic. The costume that Jake Bugg wears in this video is similar to the one in Broken which is that both costumes are black of colour, which conveys the same message to the audience that's to show he is dark in his music or shows his darker side in his own music, this means that the audience take what Bugg says seriously because he is trying to get that particular image across. The cinematography is cleverly used as there are several uses of close ups throughout the video of Jake Bugg singing, this is implemented because it is made to make the audience feel as if Jake Bugg is singing to them and telling them this as a personal note for his audience, they then relate to him more because it feels personal for the audience and makes them respect him more as an artist. Another use of cinematography that is implemented well is the shallow focus throughout the video, the foreground of Bugg singing in the field is in focus while the tower block in his town behind him is out of focus, this means that it doesn't draw the audiences focus and the audience pay attention to Bugg in the camera technique. The shot relates to the lyrics because the town being out focus shows he wants to leave the town and leave it all behind him very much like how the town is behind him in the same shot, the audience build a relationship with Bugg and his videos because they understand there is a direct correlation between the video and the content of the song.










In conclusion, I feel as if the research i have done for and about Jake Bugg will be monumental in helping me plan the music video for his other song "Two Fingers" because I understand that a lot of his inspirations have come from him growing up, he makes songs about Nottingham because that's where he grew up and knows what the area is like. Knowing this help with the planning so that my i can use inspirations for filming the music video that will be relevant to the artist as well as the song itself. The inspirations I have taken from these songs are that I want to use a hometown within the video so that it's clear to the audience that the artist wants to try and leave behind at the end of the video "Hey, hey it's fine I left it behind", the quote is from the song i'm using of Jake Bugg's which is called "Two Fingers" but the inspiration to use the hometown mostly come from "Trouble Town". Both videos I have looked at have inspired me to show the artist singing and playing the guitar in several different locations in order to show the audience that this is what the artist wants for his life, this will show a performance style in my music video and will show a convention of the indie genre as well.